Anisolepis undulatus (WIEGMANN, 1834)
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Anisolepis undulatus
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| Higher Taxa | Leiosauridae (Enyaliinae), Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Wiegmann's Tree Lizard Portuguese: Lagartixa, Papa-Vento, Papa-Vento-do-Sul |
| Synonym | Laemanctus undulatus WIEGMANN 1834: 46 Ecphymotes undulatus — FITZINGER 1826 Laemanctus ondulatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 75 (lapsus) Lamanctus (Urostrophus) undulatus FITZINGER 1843 (fide CEI 1993) Anisolepis Iheringii BOULENGER 1885: 86 Anisolepis iheringii — BOULENGER 1885: 122 Anisolepis undulatus — BOULENGER 1886: 426 Anisolepis bruchi KOSLOWSKY 1895 Anisolepis undulatus — WERNER 1896: 471 Anisolepis undulatus — ETHERIDGE & WILLIAMS 1991 |
| Distribution | S Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), EC Argentina (Buenos Aires), Uruguay (Paysandú) Type locality: Brazil. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Holotype: ZMB 497 |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis (genus): Anisolepis is a member of the iguanian family Polychridae, diagnosed by the acquisition of endolymphatic sacs that extend back between the supraoccipital and parietal bones into the dorsal neck musculature and other synapomorphies (Frost and Etheridge, 1989). It differs from Polychrus in having lost femoral pores, from the leiosaurs (Enyalius, Pristidactylus, Diplolaemus, Leiosaurus, Aperopristis) in having reduced the number of sternal rib pairs from 4 to 3 and in lacking longitudinally divided distal subdigital scales, and from the anoles (Anolis, Chamaeolis, Phenacosaurus, Chamaelinorops) in having acquired a small posterior coracoid fenestra, and in lacking elongate second ceratobranchials and an anole type digital pad. Anisolepis differs from Urostrophus in having keeled ventral scales, and posterior marginal tooth crowns with tapered sides and reduced secondary cusps. Etheridge and de Queiroz (1988) listed as derived characters shared by Anisolepis undulatus, A. grilli, and Aptycholaemus longicauda the reduction in secondary cusps of the marginal tooth crowns, loss of the posterolateral processes of the basisphenoid, and the acquisition of a ventrolateral row of enlarged scales and ventral body scales with sharp keels in parallel rows. Aptycholaemus was diagnosed by loss of the transverse gular fold, elongation of the tail, and reduction of the external ear. However, there are no derived features known to be shared by undulatus and grilli to the exclusion of longicauda, and therefore no evidence that undulatus and grilli share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with longicauda. Accordingly we here place Aptycholaemus Boulenger 1891 in the synonymy of Anisolepis Boulenger 1885. Thus constituted, Anisolepis is probably monophyletic [from Etheridge & Williams 1991]. Diagnosis (species): A. undulatus differs from A. grilli and A. longicauda in having a more distinctively heterogeneous scalation: dorsal body scales abruptly larger than, rather than grading into lateral body scales, nape with enlarged erect scales, and a conspicuous dorsolateral row of large, keeled scales. It further differs from A. grilli in having unior multicarinate supradigital scales on the hand, the keeled ventral body scales in 13 to 19 rather than 17 to 25 rows, and a smaller maximum adult size (females 83 mm, males 70 mm, versus females 97 mm, males 79 mm). It further differs from A. longicauda in having an external ear opening larger than, rather than conspicuously smaller than, the interparietal scale, an antehumeraltransverse gular fold, and a shorter tail (mean tail/total in males 73, females 71, versus males 77, females 74) [from Etheridge & Williams 1991]. |
| Comment | Synonymy mostly following ETHERIDGE & WILLIAMS 1991 and CEI 1993. BOULENGER 1886 synonymized Laemanctus obtusirostris with A. undulatus. Type species: Anisolepis iheringi BOULENGER 1885 [= Laemanctus undulatus WIEGMANN 1834] is the type species of the genus Anisolepis BOULENGER 1885. Distribution: for a map see ETHERIDGE & WILLIAMS 1991: 338. |
| Etymology | Named after Latin undulatus because of the zig-zag dorsal pattern. The genus was named after the Greek “anisos” meaning unequal and “lepis” meaning scale, with reference to the heterogeneity of the squamation. Genus names ending in -lepis are feminine (Böhme & Denzer 2019), hence the name needs to be undulata. |
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