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Anolis cupreus HALLOWELL, 1860

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Copper Anole 
SynonymAnolis cupreus HALLOWELL 1860: 481
Anolis hoffmanni PETERS 1863: 142
Anolis cupreus — BOULENGER 1885: 80
Anolis cupreus — DUNN 1930: 17
Anolis cupreus — STUART 1963
Anolis cupreus hoffmanni FITCH et al. 1972: 16
Anolis cupreus spilomelas FITCH, ECHELLE & ECHELLE 1972: 17
Anolis cupreus spilomelas — FITCH 1976
Anolis cupreus spilomelas — FITCH & HILLIS 1984
Anolis cupreus dariense FITCH & SEIGEL 1984: 6
Norops cupreus — GUYER & SAVAGE 1986
Anolis cupreus — KÖHLER 2000: 62
Norops cupreus — NICHOLSON 2002
Norops dariense — SAVAGE 2002
Norops dariense — MCCRANIE et al. 2006
Norops dariense — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops cupreus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops dariense — SUNYER 2014
Norops cupreus — MCCRANIE & KÖHLER 2015: 55
Anolis cupreus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Norops dariense — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Norops dariense — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 
DistributionHonduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

Type locality: Nicaragua

dariense: Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; Type locality: Puente Carlos Fonseca Amador on W side of divide between Boaco and Camoapa, Dep. de Boaco, Nicaragua.

hoffmanni: Costa Rica; Type locality: “Costa Rica”; restricted to “Cartago, Cartago Province, Costa Rica, by FITCH et al. 1972.

spilomelas: Costa Rica; Type locality: Quepos, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: USNM 12211, INHS (= UIMNH) 40733; C. Wright; December 14, 1903.
Holotype: KU (given as UKNHM) 195081, adult male [dariense]
Holotype: ZMB 4687, erroneously listed as ZMB 4690 by FITCH 1972 [hoffmanni]
Holotype: KU 140593, paratypes: CAS, MCZ, KU, H.S. Fitch 1970. [spilomelas] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies: Anolis cupreus macrophallus WERNER has been elevated to species status by KÖHLER & KREUTZ 1999.

Distribution: Mertens 1952 lists this species also for El Salvador. Stuart 1963 lists the species for Guatemala.

Synonymy: MCCRANIE & KÖHLER 2015: 56 conclude that N. dariense is a synonym of N. cupreus. Although differences in mean values in some characters were documented, there was still large overlap between the two nominal forms in all characters examined.

Species group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012, 2018) 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “cupreus” = copper, often used for reddish colors.

N. dariense is named after the Cordillera Dariense where this (sub-) species occurs. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Crandell, Kristen E.; Anthony Herrel, Mahmood Sasa, Jonathan B. Losos, Kellar Autumn 2014. Stick or grip? Co-evolution of adhesive toepads and claws in Anolis lizards. Zoology 117 (6): 363-369 - get paper here
  • Curlis JD, Fisher EC, Muhic WK, Moy J, Garro-Cruz M, Montero-Ramírez JJ 2020. A survey of the reptiles and amphibians at the University of Georgia Costa Rica field station in San Luis de Monteverde, Costa Rica. Check List 16(6): 1433-1456 - get paper here
  • Dunn, E. R. 1930. Notes on Central American Anolis. Proc. New England Zool. Club 12: 15-24
  • Fitch, H. S. 1976. Sexual size difference in the mainland anoles. Occ. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 50:21 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitch, H. S., & HILLIS, D. M. 1984. The Anolis dewlap: interspecific variability and morphological associations with habitat. Copeia 1984 (2): 315-323 - get paper here
  • Fitch, H. S., & SEIGEL, R. A. 1984. Ecological and taxonomic notes on Nicaraguan anoles. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contrib. Biol. & Geol. No. 57, 13 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitch, H. S., ECHELLE, A. A., & ECHELLE, A. E 1972. Variation in the Central American iguanid lizard Anolis cupreus, with the description of a new subspecies. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Kansas 8: 1-20
  • Fitch,H.S. 1975. Sympatry and interrelationships in Costa Rica anoles. Occ. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 40: 1-60. - get paper here
  • Hallowell, E. 1861. Report upon the Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under command of Capt. John Rogers, U. S. N. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12 [1860]: 480 - 510 - get paper here
  • Henderson, C.L. 2010. Mammals, Amphibians, and Reptiles of Costa Rica - A field guide. University of Texas Press, Austin, 198 pp.
  • Jansen, M. & G. Koehler 2002. Biogeographische Analyse der Herpetofauna von ausgewählten Hochlandgebieten Nicaraguas. Salamandra 38 (4): 269-286 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • KÖHLER, GUNTHER 2014. Characters of external morphology used in Anolis taxonomy—Definition of terms, advice on usage, and illustrated examples. Zootaxa 3774 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Köhler, Günther and Jörg Kreutz. 1999. Norops macrophallus (Werner, 1917), a valid species of anole from Guatemala and El Salvador (Squamata: Sauria: Iguanidae). Herpetozoa 12 (1-2): 57-65 - get paper here
  • Martínez-Fonseca JG, Holmes IA, Sunyer J, Westeen EP, Grundler MR, Cerda PA, Fernández-Mena MA, Loza-Molina JC, Monagan IV Jr., Nondorf D, Pandelis GG, Rabosky ARD 2023. A collection and analysis of amphibians and reptiles from Nicaragua with new country and departmental records. Check List 20(1): 58-125 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2018. The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication Series (2): 1- 666 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. and Gunther Köhler 2015. The Anoles (Reptilia: Squamata: Dactyloidae: Anolis: Norops) of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard (Special Publication Series, No. 1): 1-280 [review in Q. J. Biol. 91: 227] - get paper here
  • McCranie; James R.; Kirsten E. Nicholson; Gunther Köhler 2001. A new species of Norops (Squamata: Polychrotidae) from northwestern Honduras. Amphibia-Reptilia 22 (4): 465-473 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) (No. 487): 120 pp.
  • Nicholson KE, C. Guyer, and JG Phillips 2017. Biogeographic Origin of Mainland Norops (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Assumptions Inhibiting Progress in Comparative Biology (eds. Crother and Parenti), pp. 169–184
  • Nicholson, K.E. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis and a test of the current infrageneric classification of Norops (beta Anolis). Herpetological Monographs 16: 93-120 - get paper here
  • Nicholson, Kirsten E., James R. McCranie and Gunther Köhler 2000. Herpetofaunal expedition to Parque Nacional Patuca: a newly established park in Honduras. Herpetological Bulletin (72): 26-31. - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1863. Über einige neue Arten der Saurier-Gattung Anolis. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1863 (März): 135-149. - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Serrano, Jose Manuel 2018. La condición física del lagarto Anolis cupreus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) y su relación con la estructura del hábitat durante la estación seca. Cuad. herpetol. 32 (2): - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L.C. 1963. A checklist of the herpetofauna of Guatemala. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (No. 122): 1-150 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1956. A review of the lizards of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 38 (part 1): 3-322 - get paper here
 
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