Anolis phyllorhinus MYERS & CARVALHO, 1945
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Anolis phyllorhinus
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| Higher Taxa | Anolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Leaf-nosed anole, Bat Anole Portuguese: Calanguinho, Papa-vento |
| Synonym | Anolis phyllorhinus MYERS & CARVALHO 1945: 2 Dactyloa phyllorhinus — SAVAGE & GUYER 1989: 107 Anolis phyllorhinus — RODRIGUES et al. 2002 Dactyloa phyllorhinus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Dactyloa phyllorhina — PRATES et al. 2014 Dactyloa phyllorhinus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 Anolis phylorrhinus — INEICH et al. 2022: 131 (in error) |
| Distribution | Brazil (Amazonas, Para) Type locality: Borba, lower Rio Madeira, State of Amazonas, Brasil. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Holotype: MNRJ (Rio de Janeiro) 1804 |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis. A green anole, with granular, smooth or keeled dorsals, and larger (but relatively small), smooth or keeled ventrals. Digital expansions well developed. Body and tail slightly to moderately compressed. Mental large, expanded ventrally. A distinct row of sublabials at each side, with scales much larger than median scales on chin. Adult males with a proboscis about as long as the head, vertically flat, flexible and covered with small scales, originating above the rostral (females and juveniles unknown). Dewlap yellow, in males reaching beyond level of forelimbs. Maximum known SVL 71 mm (from Avila-Pires 1995: 98). Description. Anole with 71 mm SVL, tail length 152 mm, which represents 2.14 times SVL. Head (not including proboscis) 0.26 times SVL, 1.8 times as long as wide, and 1.1 times as wide as high. Snout relatively long, prolonged by a flexible, vertically flat proboscis, which is 0.72 times the head length when measured from rostral, 1.11 times when measured from the dorsal limit, on middle of snout; height, measured just anterior to rostral, 0.21 times its length measured from dorsal limit; tip round in lateral view. Neck narrower than head and body. Body and tail moderately compressed. Limbs well developed, tibia shorter than thigh, 0.21 times SVL. Tongue wide, villose. Anterior teeth conical, posterior teeth tricuspid. Rostral triangular, 2.8 times as wide as long, bordered by nine postrostrals. Median postrostral with a median sulcus and, together with rostral, horizontal in position, facing ventrally, thus forming the ventral base of the proboscis. Upper border of proboscis starting at middle of snout. Proboscis covered with small scales, above snout slightly larger and wider than long; medially, i n front of supranasal scales, they are elongate and narrow, toward lower and upper borders becoming wider, and anteriorly roundish. Nasal in contact with postrostrals, directed lateroanteriorly. Scales on snout polygonal, smooth, flat, juxtaposed (pavimentose); nine scales across snout between second canthals. Canthus rostralis well defined, with five elongate, keeled canthals, anterior one small and separated from nostril by two small postnasals. One long, keeled supraciliary aligned with canthals, nearly reaching level of middle of eye, posteriorly followed by granules. Supraorbital semicircles distinct, with nine scales, larger anteriorly; separated medially by one row of scales. Supraocular region with a group of enlarged polygonal, smooth, juxtaposed scales near supraorbital semicircle, elsewhere with granules. Interparietal several times larger than adjacent scales, separated from supraorbital semicircles b y one scale. Scales around interparietal polygonal, smooth, juxtaposed, anteriorly slightly larger, laterally and posteriorly grading into granules toward supratemporal and occipital areas. Loreal scales polygonal, longer than wide, forming from two (anteriorly) to four or five (posteriorly) longitudinal rows (four scales in a vertical line under second canthal); scales larger toward supralabials; those on row adjacent to supralabials have a thin keel along their ventral border. A continuous row of three preoculars, three larger suboculars in contact with supralabials, and one smaller subocular not in contact with supralabials; lower preocular (on one side) and suboculars keeled. Seven supralabials on one side, eight on the other, reaching to below centre of eye; followed by small scales to commissure of mouth. Temporal region with small, granular scales, separated from eyelid by a few rows of slightly larger scales, from supratemporal region by a double row of slightly enlarged scales. Ear-opening relatively small, vertically oval, its lower margin at level of commissure of mouth; with smooth margin and short auditory meatus. Mental formed by two symmetrical semicircles, partially separated by a median cleft, which continues as a midventral sulcus on anterior part of chin; bordered on each side of the sulcus by first infralabial, one sublabial, and two (on one side) or three (on the other side, two of which in one longitudinal row) small, median scales. Seven infralabials, sixth below centre of eye. Chin with five, respectively, six large, broadly keeled sublabials, only posterior one not in contact with infralabials. Chin medially with small, subrectangular scales, which are longer than wide, and arranged in longitudinal rows. Posteriorly these scales become round, and they are in longitudinally oblique, and transverse rows; posterior and medial to sublabials, some polygonal scales of intermediate size. Dewlap, although not extended in the preserved specimen, seems to be well developed, reaching about halfway between level of forelimbs and middle of belly; scales along rim subtriangular (with round corners), imbricate; toward the sides they gradually decrease in size, and are elongate, irregular, surrounded by naked skin, forming approximately longitudinal (partially oblique) rows. Scales on nape and sides of neck, like dorsals and scales on flanks, small, granular. A double row of vertebral scales, only slightly larger than adjacent scales, distinct from nape to base of tail, anteriorly forming an elevated ridge. Ventrals larger than dorsals, roughly squarish although variable in form, smooth, imbricate. Gradual transition between scales on flanks and ventrals. Scales around midbody 149. Preanal plate covered with small, granular scales. No enlarged postanal scales. Base of tail wide, dorsally and laterally with numerous small, smooth, juxtaposed to subimbricate scales, which ventrally increase in size toward midventral line. Distally, scales keeled and in longitudinal rows, with a pair of dorsal, and a pair of ventral rows of larger scales; proximally ventral rows, distally also dorsal and lateral rows form distinct longitudinal ridges. Scales on tail arranged in inconspicuous verticils, three pairs of ventrals corresponding to five (proximally) or four (distally) pairs of dorsals. Scales on limbs mostly small, juxtaposed to subimbricate, smooth. A few rows of slightly larger, hexagonal, keeled scales on anterior surface of forearms. On hind limbs scales slightly larger ventrally than dorsally, with squarish, smooth, subimbricate scales, in vertical rows, on anterior aspect of thighs, ventrally becoming roundish. Digital expansions well developed; 22-28 lamellae under fourth finger, 21-22 to end of digital expansion; 45-47 under fourth toe, 38-39 to end of digital expansion, 25-26 under phalanges two and three. Colour in life described by Myers & Carvalho (1945), on the basis of a colour sketch made by A . Parko, as bright blue-green, with a yellow dewlap and traces of pink or red on toes, top of snout, and end of rostral appendage (from Avila-Pires 1995: 98). |
| Comment | Species groups: Dactyloa punctata species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). |
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