Anolis singularis WILLIAMS, 1965
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Anolis singularis
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| Higher Taxa | Anolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Macaya Green Twig Anole, Porcupine Anole |
| Synonym | Anolis singularis WILLIAMS 1965: 9 Anolis singularis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 342 Anolis singularis — NICHOLSON et al. 2005 Deiroptyx singularis — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Anolis singularis — KÖHLER & HEDGES 2016 Deiroptyx singularis — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 |
| Distribution | Hispaniola (S Haiti, SW Dominican Republic) Type locality: Pourcine, Massif de la Hotte, Département du Sud, Haiti. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Holotype: MCZ 72043, adult male. Paratypes: MCZ 13778, La Gonave Island, Haiti, G. M. Allen col. 1919; YPM 3229, Nan Cafe, La Gonave Island, P. Humphrey and Sarita Van Vleck col., March 26, 1959; YPM 3194, Forêt des Pins, Massif de la Selle, Haiti, P. Humphrey and Sarita Van Vleck coll., February 19, 1959; AMNH 51728, Valle de Polo, Dominican Republic, W. G. Hassler coll., September 14, 1932; ASFS V2608, 5 km NE Los Arroyos, 5800 feet (ca. 1750 meters) elevation, Pedernales, Dominican Republic, D. C. Leber col., June 27, 1964; ASFS V2985, 30 km Nof Pedernales, 2680 feet (ca. 810 meters), Pedernales, Dominican Republic, hatched from an egg collected under a limestone rock ni Cajetal, July 3, 1964, by R. Thomas; hatched July 16, 1964. |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: A moderate-sized species of Anolis that differs from all other Hispaniolan congeners except A. aliniger and the species described below by the combination of having (1) predominantly green overall coloration in life (capable of rapid color change to brown); (2) no white subocular stripe and no white streak onto lateral neck (3) relatively short hind legs (fourth toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to ear opening or only slightly beyond ear opening); (4) the ventral scales at midbody smooth; (5) <38 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II–IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; (6) male dewlap yellowish green or brown (after metachrosis) in life with longitudinal single rows of gorgetal scales or gorgetals not arranged in rows; and (7) a relatively short tail (ratio tail length/SVL <1.7). Among the Anolis species occuring treated in this contribution, A. singularis is most similar to A. aliniger and the species described below. Anolis singularis differs from A. aliniger by (1) the lack of a black axillary blotch (vs. such a blotch usually present in A. aliniger); (2) having the sublabial scales about the same size as scales medially adjacent to this row (vs. sublabial scales much larger than median scales adjacent to them in A. aliniger). For differences between A. singularis and the species described below, see the respective accounts of the new species. |
| Comment | Illustrations see Williams, 1965. Only know from it’s holotype. Conservation. Given its presumably small geographic range and contiuing threat of habitat loss through deforestation, KÖHLER & HEDGES 2016 consider the conservation status of Anolis singularis to be Critically Endangered based on criterion B.1.a. of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012). Species group: Deiroptyx chlorocyana species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). Distribution: see map in KÖHLER & HEDGES 2016: 85 (Fig. 59). The type locality, “Pourcine” is not locatable on even the most detailed topographic maps of Haiti. The locality is georeferenced in the Harvard-MCZ collection at low accuracy as 18.4 N, -74.033 W, covering a large area and wide range of elevations. However there is a community called “Pourcine” not far to the north, near Annette, at 18.484, -74.048 (550 m) that is likely the type locality, not to be confused with another “Pourcine,” near Roseaux, further to the north. Abundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017). |
| Etymology | Named after Latin singularis, which was translated by Williams to “one at a time” becuase he only found single specimens in multiple locations. |
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