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Apostolepis sanctaeritae WERNER, 1924

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymApostolepis sanctae-ritae WERNER 1924: 43
Apostolepis sanctaeritae — DE LEMA & FERNANDES 1997
Apostolepis sanctaeritae — DE LEMA 2002
Apostolepis ammodites FERRAREZZI, ERRITTO BARBO & ESPAÑA ALBUQUERQUE 2005
Apostolepis sanctaeritae — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012
Apostolepis ammodites — WALLACH et al. 2014: 50
Apostolepis ammodites — GUEDES et al. 2014
Apostolepis ammodites — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
Distributionsanctaeritae: C Brazil (Goias)

Type locality: Santa Rita, Brazil (probably Santa Rita do Araguaia, Goiás); restricted to Santa Rita, Ibipetuba, Bahia, Brasil at 11°S, 44,32°W, in the Cerrado ecoregion (Lema and Fernandes, 1997).

ammodites: Brazil (Central Cerrado: Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goias, Minas Gerais); Type locality: Brazil, Tocantins, Palmas, (10°02’ S, 47°20’ W, 230 m elevation).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: NMW 23452
Holotype: IBSP (= IB) 65267 [ammodites] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (ammodites): Rostral nearly roundish but somewhat prominent, its portion visible from above about 1/3 to 1/2 of the interprefrontal suture length; ventrals 221-235 in males to 234-252 in females; subcaudals 32-36 in males and 26-31 in females; light snout blotch reddish in life (fading to yellowish in preservative) and a small to indistinct light supralabial spot; white nuchal collars about 3-6 scales long, black cervical collar 4-7 scales long, followed by an additional postcervical white collar 1-3 scales long; dorsum uniformly red (without stripes); ventral surface uniformly light (unpigmented), except under the head and neck; premaxillae bounded to maxillae; dorsal laminae of nasal contacting frontal and prefrontal; maxillary teeth 4+2, dentary teeth 9-10; pterygoid teeth 3-4. 
CommentBelongs to the assimilis species group of Apostololepis.

Synonymy: Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2020 revalidated Apostolepis sanctaeritae from the synonymy of A. cearensis. They also synonymized ammodites with sanctaeritae.

Distribution: see map in Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2020: 334 (Fig. 2). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019. 
EtymologyNamed after the Greek word for sand (“ammos”). 
References
  • Azevedo, Weverton dos Santos; Arthur Diesel Abegg, Daniella Pereira Fagundes de França 2018. Predator-prey interaction between the snakes Apostolepis ammodites and Psomophis joberti (Snakes: Dipsadidae). Herpetology Notes 11: 263-265 - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, O. M., Koch, C., Guedes, T. B., Paredero, R. C., Tiutenko, A., & Loebmann, D. 2022. Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy, 817, 143-182 - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M, Claudia Koch, Russell J Gray, Arthur Tiutenko, Daniel Loebmann, and Thaís B Guedes. 2021. Taxonomic Status of Apostolepis Tertulianobeui Lema, 2004 Based on an Integrative Revision of Apostolepis Assimilis (Reinhardt, 1861) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 291: 123–38 - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M.; Claudia Koch, Thaís B. Guedes, & Arthur Tiutenko 2020. Revisiting the taxonomic status of Apostolepis sanctaeritae, a forgotten Neotropical dipsadid snake. Salamandra 56(4): 329–341
  • FERRAREZZI, HEBERT; FAUSTO ERRITTO BARBO & CRISTINA ESPAÑA ALBUQUERQUE 2005. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF A NEW SPECIES OF APOSTOLEPIS FROM BRAZILIAN CERRADO WITH NOTES ON THE ASSIMILIS GROUP (SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE: XENODONTINAE: ELAPOMORPHINI). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 45(16): 215-229 - get paper here
  • FRANÇA, DANIELLA. P. F.; FAUSTO E. BARBO, NELSON J. SILVA-JÚNIOR, HELDER L. R. SILVA, HUSSAM ZAHER 2018. A new species of Apostolepis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini) from the Cerrado of Central Brazil. Zootaxa 4521 (4): 438-552 - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Daniel O. Mesquita, Cristiano C. Nogueira, and Alexandre F. B. Araújo 2008. Phylogeny and Ecology Determine Morphological Structure in a Snake Assemblage in the Central Brazilian Cerrado. Copeia 2008 (1): 23-38 - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Guarino R. Colli, Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto, Luiz Trinchão, Daniel Araújo, Tiago de Oliveira Lima, Daniella Pereira Fagundes de França, Renato Gaiga, Pedro Dias 2016. Snakes of Cerrado localities in western Bahia, Brazil. Check List 12 (3): 1896 - get paper here
  • GUEDES, THAÍS B.; CRISTIANO NOGUEIRA & OTAVIO A. V. MARQUES 2014. Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3863 (1): 001–093 - get paper here
  • Guerra, V., Ramalho, W. P., Machado, I. F., & Brandão, R. A. 2022. Herpetofauna of the Serra do Tombador Nature Reserve, State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Arquivos de Zoologia, 53(3), 33-51 - get paper here
  • Hamdan, B. & R. M. Lira-da-Silva 2012. The snakes of Bahia State, northeastern Brazil: species richness, composition and biogeographical notes. Salamandra 48 (1): 31-50 - get paper here
  • Marra-Santos, Fidélis Júnio; Ricardo Araújo Prudente Pires 2020. Report of predator-prey interactions between the snake Apostolepis ammodites Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque, 2005 (Serpentes: Colubridae) and Amphisbaena sp. (Amphisbaenia: Amphisbaenidae) in Cerrado Biome, Central Brazil Herpetology Notes 13: 827-830 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, J. S., Santana, D. J., Pantoja, D. L., Ceron, K., & Guedes, T. B. 2024. Climate change in open environments: Revisiting the current distribution to understand and safeguard the future of psammophilous squamates of the Diagonal of Open Formations of South America. Journal of Arid Environments, 220, 105117 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1924. Neue oder wenig bekannte Schlangen aus dem Naturhistorischen Staatsmuseum in Wien. l. Teil. Sitzungsb. Ber. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Abt. l, 133: 29 - 56 - get paper here
 
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