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Aspidoscelis exsanguis (LOWE, 1956)

IUCN Red List - Aspidoscelis exsanguis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Chihuahuan Spotted Whiptail
S: Corredora de Chihuahua 
SynonymCnemidophorus sacki exsanguis LOWE 1956
Cnemidophorus sacki exsanguis — MASLIN 1959
Cnemidophorus costatus exsanguis — MASLIN 1962: 212 (part.)
Cnemidophorus exsanguis — STEBBINS 1985: 157
Cnemidophorus exsanguis — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus exsanguis — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 120
Cnemidophorus exsanguis — LINER 1994
Aspidoscelis exsanguis — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis exsanguis — COOPER et al. 2005
Aspidoscelis exsanguis — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Aspidoscelis neavesi COLE, TAYLOR, BAUMANN & BAUMANN 2014 (part) 
DistributionUSA (SE Arizona, New Mexico, SW Texas, Colorado),
Mexico (N Chihuahua, NE Sonora); elevation 760-2440 m.

Type locality: “Socorro, Socorro County, New Mexico”.  
ReproductionOviparous. This species originated through hybridization involving 3 species: C. inornatus, C. septemvittatus, and C. costatus (fide STEBBINS 1985). Parthenogenetic species. Lutes et al. (2011) report the generation of four self-sustaining clonal lineages of a tetraploid species resulting from fertilization of triploid oocytes from a parthenogenetic Aspidoscelis exsanguis with haploid sperm from Aspidoscelis inornata.<br /><br />Aspidoscelis neavesi is a parthenogenetic, synthetic organism that originated through hybridization between Aspidoscelis exsanguis (triploid parthenogen) x Aspidoscelis inornata (diploid bisexual or gonochoristic species) in the laboratory. Given that it is a synthetic organism that did not evolve naturally, we do not list it as valid species for the time being, a decision supported by the scientific advisory board of the database. 
TypesHolotype: UAZ, University of Arizona, UAA 16188 (formerly Unlverslty of California, Los Angeles, Dept. of Zoology 3737), collected by Richard Zweifel and Kenneth S. norris, 10 Aug 1948.
Holotype. MCZ R-192219 (5 SIMR 8093), a cloned adult female of the F2 laboratory reared generation that also cloned herself at the SIMR. She hatched on August 13, 2008, and her mother was MCZ R-192209 (=SIMR 4919) [neavesi] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “At Conchas Lake it was possible to collect four whiptail lizard species (A. exsanguis, A. neomexicanus, A. sexlineatus, and A. tesselatus [pattern classes C and D]) and hybrids of A. neomexicanus × A. sexlineatus. Among these, A. exsanguis at all sizes could be distinguished from all of these species by either one or a combination of the five scale characters included in Appendix 1 (i.e., anterior extent of circumorbitals, enlarged mesoptychials, plate-like postantebrachials, usually two preanals, and paravertebral separation = PVSS). The most readily applied of these would be either the enlarged postantebrachial scales which distinguished A. exsanguis of all sizes or the PVSS (i.e., narrow spacing of the paravertebral stripes (i.e., mean 4.7 ± 0.20, range 3–8, N = 31) and absence of either a vertebral stripe or a continuous vertebral configuration.” (Fig. 3, Manning et al. 2020). 
CommentBefore LOWE described Cnemidophorus sacki exsanguis, specimens of it have been assigned to Cnemidophorus gularis, C. sexlineatus, or C. sackii. 
EtymologyThe name exsanguis (Latin, “without blood”), referes to the distinct difference between this species and C. burti stictogrammus, with which it was formerly inlcuded. 
References
  • Bartlett, R. D. & Bartlett, P. 1999. A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, Texas, 331 pp.
  • Bateman, Heather L. and Alice Chung-MacCoubrey. 2013. Aspidoscelis exsanguis (Chihuahuan spotted whiptail), Aspidoscelis neomexicana (New Mexico whiptail), Aspidoscelis uniparens (desert grassland whiptail) bifurcated tails. Herpetological Review 44 (4): 663 - get paper here
  • Bateman, Heather L.; Howard L. Snell, Alice Chung-MacCoubrey, and Deborah M. Finch 2010. Growth, Activity, and Survivorship from Three Sympatric Parthenogenic Whiptails (Family Teiidae). Journal of Herpetology 44 (2): 301–306 - get paper here
  • Bezy, Robert L. 2020. John William Wright— Recollections of Juan Siempre Correcto. Sonoran Herpetologist 33 (3): 83-92
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  • Cole, ; Charles J.; Harry L. Taylor, Diana P. Baumann, and Peter Baumann 2014. Neaves' Whiptail Lizard: The First Known Tetraploid Parthenogenetic Tetrapod (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae). Breviora (539): 1-20 - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J.; Harry L. Taylor, and Carol R. Townsend 2015. Morphological Variation in a Unisexual Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis exsanguis) and One of Its Bisexual Parental Species (Aspidoscelis inornata) (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae): Is the Clonal Species Less Variable? American Museum Novitates 3849: 1-20 [Feb 2016] - get paper here
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  • Cordes, James E. and James M. Walker 2006. Evolutionary and Systematic Implications of Skin Histocompatibility Among Parthenogenetic Teiid Lizards: Three Color Pattern Classes of Aspidoscelis dixoni and One of Aspidoscelis tesselata. Copeia, 2006 (1):14-26 - get paper here
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  • Kwet, Axel 2015. Aspidoscelis neavesi – eine Rennechse ist die erste im Labor erzeugte Reptilienart. Terraria-Elaphe 2015 (3): 8-9 - get paper here
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  • REEDER, T.W.; CHARLES J. COLE AND HERBERT C. DESSAUER 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of Whiptail Lizards of the Genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A Test of Monophyly, Reevaluation of Karyotypic Evolution, and Review of Hybrid Origins. American Museum Novitates 3365: 1-64 - get paper here
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  • Walker, James M. and Julio A. Lemo-Espinal. 2015. Aspidoscelis exsanguis (Chihuahuan spotted whiptail) life history in Mexico. Herpetological Review 46 (2): 251-252 - get paper here
  • Walker, James M.; Geoffrey C. Carpenter, Austin L. Fitzgerald, Larry K. Kamees, and James E. Cordes 2015. Extreme variant of the triploid parthenogenetic lizard Aspidoscelis exsanguis (Squamata: Teiidae) from New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist Sep 2014, Vol. 59, No. 3: 419-423. - get paper here
 
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