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Atretium schistosum (DAUDIN, 1803)

IUCN Red List - Atretium schistosum - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Split Keelback, Olive keelback wart snake
G: Kielrücken-Wassernatter 
SynonymColuber schistosus DAUDIN 1803: 132
Tropidonotus moestus CANTOR 1839: 54 (fide SMITH 1943)
Tropidonotus surgens CANTOR 1839 (fide SMITH 1943)
Tropidonotus schistosus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 596
Atretium schistosum — GÜNTHER 1864
Helicops schistosus — BOULENGER 1890
Helicops schistosus — BOULENGER 1893: 274
Atretium schistosum — GÜNTHER 1898: 31
Helicops schistosus — WALL 1921: 135
Atretium schistosum — SMITH 1943: 319
Atretium schistosum — DAS 1996: 54
Atretium schistosum — MATTISON 2007: 231
Atretium schistosum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 84 
DistributionSri Lanka, India (Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana), Nepal, Bangladesh

Type locality: none given  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: iconotype, Russell 1801, plate 4. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). (1) body size large (maximum TL 870 mm), fairly stout; (2) head broad, stout, moderately distinct from neck; (3) internasals single, narrowed anteriorly; (4) prefrontals 2 – 3, horizontally arranged; (5) rostral small, broader than high; (6) nasal divided, nostrils directed dorsolaterally; (7) dorsal scale rows 19 – 19 – 17, moderately keeled and stronger posteriorly, without apical pits; (8) maxillary teeth 19 – 24, last one enlarged; (9) hemipenis bilobed, spinous throughout, apex without papillae; (10) two oblique, parallel dark stripes on lateral head absent (Cheng et al. 2021: 211). 
CommentType species: Coluber schistosus DAUDIN 1803 is the type species of the genus Atretium COPE 1861: 299

Distribution: possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012).

Key: Cheng et al. 2021 provide a key to the genera of Xenochrophis sensu stricto, Atretium, and Fowlea. 
EtymologyThe generic nomen of Atretium is presumably derived from the Greek “atretos,” imperforate, meaning the absence of apical pits on scales. 
References
  • Ahsan, M.F.; Haidar, I.K.A. & Rahman, M.M. 2015. Status and diversity of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes) at the Chittagong University Campus in Chittagong, Bangladesh. . Journal of Threatened Taxa 7 (14): 8159–8166 - get paper here
  • Bhupathy, Subramanian & N. Sathishkumar 2013. Status of reptiles in Meghamalai and its environs, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5 (15): 4953-4961 - get paper here
  • Botejue, W. Madhava S.; Jayantha Wattavidanage 2012. Herpetofaunal diversity and distribution in Kalugala proposed forest reserve, Western province of Sri Lanka. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 5 (2): 65-80(e38). - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Cantor, T. E. 1839. Spicilegium serpentium indicorum [part 1]. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839: 31-34 - get paper here
  • Cheng, Yu-Qi; Jin-Long Ren, Guang-Xiang Zhu, Jia-Tang Li 2021. On the Taxonomy of Atretium yunnanensis Anderson, 1879 (Squamata: Natricidae), with Redescriptions and Natural History Data of the Poorly Known Species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 28 (4): 205-218 - get paper here
  • Chettri, Krishna and Damodar Thapa Chhetry 2013. Diversity of Snakes in Sarlahi District, Nepal. Our Nature 11(2): 201-207 - get paper here
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  • Deshmukh, Rahul V.; Sagar A. Deshmukh, Swapnil A. Badhekar, and Roshan Y. Naitame 2020. Snakes of Bhandara District, Maharashtra, Central India with notes on natural history. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (1): 10–17 - get paper here
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  • Ganesh, S.R.; S. Bhupathy, P. Karthik, G. Babu Rao & S. Babu 2020. Catalogue of herpetological specimens from peninsular India at the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON), India. JoTT 12 (9): 16123–16135 - get paper here
  • Ghosh, A. 2018. Atretium schistosum (Olive Keelback Watersnake) Diet / Scavenging. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 123. - get paper here
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  • Kalki, Yatin; Chayant Gonsalves , Daniel B. Wylie , Karthik A. K. Sundaram and Tristan D. Schramer 2021. Annotated checklist of the snakes of Bengaluru Urban District, Karnataka, India with notes on their natural history, distribution, and population trends over the last 150 years. Journal of Animal Diversity 3 (2): 26-41 - get paper here
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  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
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