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Bothrops cotiara (GOMES, 1913)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Cotiara
Portuguese: Boicoatiara, Boicotiara, Coatiara, Cotiara, Jararaca, Jararaca-da-Barriga-Preta, Jararaca-Preta 
SynonymLachesis cotiara GOMES 1913
Bothrops cotiara — AMARAL 1925
Bothrops cotiara — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 45
Bothrops cotiara — CEI 1993
Bothrops cotiara — WELCH 1994: 33
Bothrops cotiara — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 260
Rhinocerophis cotiara — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops cotiara — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Rhinocerophis cotiara — WALLACH et al. 2014: 648
Bothrops cotiara — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionNE Argentina (Misiones),
Brazil (SE Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)

Type locality: Nucleo Colonial Cruz Machado, Marechal Mallet, Estado do Paraná, Brazil.  
Reproductionviviparous 
TypesLectotype: IBSP (= IB) 452 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Bothrops cotiara distingue-se de todas as espécies do genero pela combincão dos seguintes caracteres: supralabiais 8 ou 9, sem lacuno-labiais; sub-caudais 34-52 pares; intersupraoculares 10-14; dorsais em 25 a 29 fileiras de escamas no meio do corpo, normalmente 27, com quilhas que tomam todo o comprimento da escama; escamas ventrais 151-173. Ventre de colorcão predominantemente preta, faixa negra pós-ocular larga sem formar gancho após a comissura bucal, como ocorre em B. fonsecai. Desenho cefálico forma uma “cruz de dois bracos” cinza esverdeada, no meio de uma grande mancha marrom muito escura, quase preta, havendo continuidade entre o claro da cruz e a cor de fundo do dorso, cinza esverdeado. (Hoge e Belluomini 1959, 1964 and others). 
CommentVenomous! 
References
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
  • FENWICK, ALLYSON M.; RONALD L. GUTBERLET JR, JENNAFER A. EVANS, CHRISTOPHER L. PARKINSON 2009. Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3): 617-640 - get paper here
  • Franco, F.L.; Germano, V.J. & Martão, L.R. 2005. Notas sobre o lectótipo de Bothrops cotiara (Gomes, 1913) (Serpentes, Viperidae). Phyllomedusa 4 (1): 75-78 - get paper here
  • Gomes, J.F. 1913. Uma nova cobra venenosa do Brasil. Annaes Paulistas de Medicina e Cirurgia 1 (3): 65-67
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira. 9(2): 121 – 214
  • Hoge, A. R. 1952. Herpetologische Notizen. Farbenaberrationen bei Brasilianischen Schlangen. Memórias do Instito Butantan 24 (2): 269-270 - get paper here
  • Hoge,A.R. & Belluomini, H.E. 1964. Notas sobre Bothrops fonsecai Hoge e Belluomini, Bothrops alternatus Duméril et Bibron e Bothrops cotiara Gomes. Mem. Inst. Butantan 30 [1960-1962]: 97-102 - get paper here
  • Hoge,A.R. & BELLUOMINI,H.E. 1959. Uma nova espécie de Bothrops do Brasil (Serpentes). Mem. Inst. Butantan 28 [1957/1958]: 195-206 - get paper here
  • Lema, Thales de 1960. Notas sobre os répreis do Rio Grande do Sul, V. - Sobre a espécie Bothrops cotiara e sua ocorrencia no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Serpentes: Crotalidae). Iheringia, Série Zoologia 13: 1-10
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo,<br />Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins,<br />Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz0, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisnero 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Parkinson,C.L. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of pitvipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia 1999 (3): 576-586 - get paper here
  • Salomão, M.G., W. Wüster, R.S. Thorpe & BBBSP 1999. MtDNA phylogeny of Neotropical pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 127-134
  • Tashima, Alexandre K;.Libia Sanz; Antonio C.M. Camargo; Solange M.T. Serrano; Juan J. Calvete 2008. Snake venomics of the Brazilian pitvipers Bothrops cotiara and Bothrops fonsecai. Identification of taxonomy markers. J Proteomics 7 (1): 473 – 485 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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