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Bungarus ceylonicus GÜNTHER, 1864

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesBungarus ceylonicus karavala DERANIYAGALA 1955
Bungarus ceylonicus ceylonicus GÜNTHER 1864 
Common NamesE: Montane Ceylon Krait 
SynonymBungarus ceylonicus GÜNTHER 1864: 344
Bungarus ceylonicus — BOULENGER 1896: 367
Bungarus ceylonicus — WALL 1908
Bungarus ceylonicus — SMITH 1943: 415
Bungarus ceylonicus — WELCH 1994: 37
Bungarus ceylonicus — JANZEN et al. 2007
Bungarus ceylonicus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 128

Bungarus ceylonicus karavala DERANIYAGALA 1955
Bungarus ceylonicus karawala [sic] — JANZEN et al. 2007 
DistributionSri Lanka

karavala: Sri Lanka (central highlands above 750 m elevation).

Type locality: “Ceylon”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.1.17.85 (and possibly additional specimens); Neotype: NMSL RS 48 (fide KANDAMBY 1997)
Holotype: NMSL RS 47 (fide KANDAMBY 1997) [karavala] 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

The original description is available online (see link below). 
EtymologyNamed after its distribution on Ceylon (= Sri Lanka). 
References
  • Botejue, W. Madhava S.; Jayantha Wattavidanage 2012. Herpetofaunal diversity and distribution in Kalugala proposed forest reserve, Western province of Sri Lanka. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 5 (2): 65-80(e38). - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Das, I. & De Silva, A. 2005. Photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland Publishers, 144 pp.
  • de Silva, A. 1998. Snakes of Sri Lanka: a checklist and an annotated bibliography. Dept. Wildlife Conservation/ GEF /UNDP/ FAO, Colombo.
  • Deraniyagala. PAUL E. PIERIS 1955. A colored atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Vol. 3. Serpentoid Reptilia. Colombo, xix + 121 pp. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. London (Taylor & Francis), xxvii + 452 pp. - get paper here
  • Janzen, P.; Klaas, P. & Ziesmann, S. 2007. Sri Lankas Schlangenfauna. Draco 7 (30): 56-64 - get paper here
  • Jayaneththi, Hareschandra Bandula 2015. Vertebrate fauna of Morankanda-Mukalana secondary forest patch in Sri Lanka: A checklist reported from 2004-2008 survey. RUHUNA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 6: 21- 41 - get paper here
  • Kandamby, DharmaSri 1997. Herpetological types reposed in the National Museum Colombo, Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 3 (1): 31-33
  • Karunarathna, Suranjan D. M. S. and A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe 2011. A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE REPTILE FAUNA IN NILGALA FOREST AND ITS VICINITY, MONARAGALA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA. Taprobanica 3 (2): 69-76 - get paper here
  • Massimo Capalbo 2024. The World's Most Dangerous Snakes - Volume I: From the fast-lightning Black Mamba to the insidious Hook-nosed Sea Snake, through the formidable Coastal Taipan. Privately published, 252 pp. - get paper here
  • Pyron, R. Alexander; H.K. Dushantha Kandambi, Catriona R. Hendry, Vishan Pushpamal, Frank T. Burbrink, Ruchira Somaweera 2013. Genus-level phylogeny of snakes reveals the origins of species richness in Sri Lanka. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (3): 969-978 - get paper here
  • Samarawickrama, V.A.M.P.K.; H.I.G.C. Kumara, D.R.N.S. Samarawickrama 2019. Diversity of Reptiles in the Eastern and Southern parts of the Sinharaja Rain Forest. Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment - get paper here
  • Silva, A., de Alwis, T., Wijesekara, S., & Somaweera, R. 2023. Minimising misidentification of common medically important snakes of Sri Lanka in the hospital setting. Revised version: 17.07.2023 Published: 25.07.2023 - get paper here
  • Slowinski J B. 1994. A phylogenetic analysis of Bungarus (Elapidae) based on morphological characters. Journal of Herpetology 28 (4): 440-446 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Taylor, Edward H. 1953. Report on a collection of Ceylonese serpents. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 35 (14): 1615-1624 - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1906. The poisonous snakes of India and how to recognize them, Part I. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17: 51-72 [correction on p. 995] - get paper here
  • Wall,F. 1908. A popular treatise of the common Indian snakes. Part VIII. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 711-735 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Willey, A. 1906. Terrestrial Colubridae of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 3 (11): 227-234.
 
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