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Crotalus lepidus (KENNICOTT, 1861)

IUCN Red List - Crotalus lepidus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesCrotalus lepidus klauberi GLOYD 1936
Crotalus lepidus lepidus (KENNICOTT 1861)
Crotalus lepidus maculosus TANNER, DIXON & HARRIS 1972 
Common NamesE: lepidus: Rock Rattlesnake
klauberi: Banded Rock Rattlesnake
maculosus: Durangan Rock Rattlesnake
G: Felsen-Klapperschlange, Gebirgsklapperschlange
S: Cascabel Verde 
SynonymCrotalus lepidus lepidus (KENNICOTT 1861)
Caudisona lepida KENNICOTT 1861: 206
Crotalus lepidus — COPE 1883
Crotalus palmeri GARMAN 1887: 124
Crotalus lepidus lepidus — GLOYD 1936
Crotalus semicornutus TAYLOR 1944
Crotalus lepidus lepidus — KLAUBER 1952: 45
Crotalus lepidus castaneu
Crotalus lepidus — STEBBINS 1985: 227
Crotalus lepidus lepidus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 237
Crotalus lepidus lepidus — LINER 1994
Crotalus lepidus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 287
Crotalus lepidus lepidus — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 535
Crotalus lepidus — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 509
Uropsophus lepidus — HOSER 2009
Crotalus lepidus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 191

Crotalus lepidus klauberi GLOYD 1936
Crotalus lepidus klauberi GLOYD 1936
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — KLAUBER 1952: 53
Crotalus lepidus kaluberi [sic] — VAN DEVENDER & LOWE 1977
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — STEBBINS 1985: 228
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — TANNER 1985: 663
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 237
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — LINER 1994
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — DIXON 2000
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 538
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — BRYSON 2007
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — LOVE 2011
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — MONZEL 2012
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — WERNING 2012
Crotalus lepidus klauberi — WEIMA 2013

Crotalus lepidus maculosus TANNER, DIXON & HARRIS 1972
Crotalus lepidus maculosus TANNER, DIXON & HARRIS 1972
Crotalus lepidus maculosus — LINER 1994
Crotalus lepidus maculossus — WELCH 1994: 47 (in error)
Crotalus lepidus maculosus — BEAMAN & HAYES 2008 
DistributionUSA (SE Arizona, S New Mexico, W Texas),
Mexico (Chihuahua, San Luis Potosí, Durango, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Aguascalientes, Tamaulipas, Sonora, Coahuila, Zacatecas).

lepidus: USA (SE New Mexico, SW Texas), NE Mexico (Chihuahua [HR 31: 113], Coahuila); Type locality: Presidio del Norte and Eagle Pass, Texas.

klauberi: USA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico, Texas, SE Arizona), Mexico (south to Jalisco, Durango); Type locality: Arizona, Cochise, Huachuca Mts., Carr Canyon.

maculosus: Mexico (Durango, Sinaloa, Nayarit); Type locality: "15 miles (24 kIn) west of La Ciudad, near Highway 40, Durango, Mexico."  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesSyntype: MCZ 4578; the syntypes at ANSP (?) two heads, appear to be lost fide McDiarmid et al. 1999: 288
Holotype: INHS (= UIMNH) [semicornutus]
Holotype: UMMZ 79895 [klauberi]
Holotype: BYU 33328 [maculosus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: see map in Campbell & Lamar 2004: 527 (Map 90). Reports of maculosus from Jalisco (The Herp Rev 31: 113) were later identified to be klauberi (Bryson et al. 2011). See also map in Blair et al. 2018: 352 (Fig. 1).

Hybridization: C. lepidus and C. aquilus hybridize (BRYSON 2007).

Subspecies: Bryson et al. 2014 “tentatively” elevate C. l. morulus to full species but suggest to retain the other subspecies.

The species is extremely variable in color and pattern.

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011. 
EtymologyThe specific name apparently comes from the Latin word lapidis , meaning "stone," in reference to the snakes' affinity for living in rocky terrain, or perhaps from the Latin adjective lepidus, meaning "pleasant or charming" (or pretty, neat, graceful)(LEMOS-ESPINAL & DIXON 2013).

The subspecies epithet, klauberi, is in the honor of American herpetologist Laurence Monroe Klauber (1883 - 1968). 
References
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