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Crotalus tigris KENNICOTT, 1859

IUCN Red List - Crotalus tigris - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Tiger Rattlesnake
G: Tiger-Klapperschlange
S: Cascabel Tigre 
SynonymCrotalus tigris KENNICOTT in BAIRD 1859: 14
Crotalus tigris — KLAUBER 1952: 111
Crotalus tigris — STEBBINS 1985: 230
Crotalus tigris — LINER 1994
Crotalus tigris — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 295
Crotalus tigris — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 533
Crotalus tigris — BEAMAN & HAYES 2008
Matteoea tigris — HOSER 2009
Crotalus tigris — WALLACH et al. 2014: 195 
DistributionUSA (SC Arizona), Mexico (Sonora)

Type locality: "Sierra Verde and Pozo Verde." Pozo Verde is a spring located on the Sonoran side of the USA-Mexico border, near Sasabe. It is on the western slope of the southern end of the Sierra Verde, which is also known as the Sierra del Pozo Verde, according to Stejneger 1893: 214 and indicated on recent maps of Sonora, Mexico.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 471. The original series consisted of three specimens (USNM 471-473) all with the same data. It is not clear which specimen(s) Kennicott examined when he wrote the description. Only a single specimen "No. 471. Sierra Verde and Pozo Verde" was listed by Baird (1859:14) and this specimen has been called the type by Gloyd, 1940, Chicago Acad. Sci., Spec. Publ. (4):266 pp. [223] and Klauber, 1956, Rattlesnakes, 1st ed., 1:708 pp.[43], and holotype by Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. (220):292 pp. [171]. USNM 471 and USNM 472 were called "the types" by Cope, 1900 [dated 1898], Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 [1182], with no mention of USNM 473. It seems likely that USNM 473 had been exchanged to The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia before Cope's manuscript was completed. Klauber (1930, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 6:95-144 [106]) referred to USNM 471 and USNM 472 as co-types and later (Klauber, 1956, Rattlesnakes, 1st ed., 1:708 pp. [43]), stated USNM 472 and USNM 473 [now ANSP 7160] may be considered "cotypes." In contrast, Gloyd (1940:223 and footnote) referred to USNM 472 and USNM 473 as paratypes. McDiarmid et al. 1999 consider USNM 471 as the holotype. If data become available that suggest that Kennicott actually examined two or three specimens, then we would recommend that the three specimens be considered syntypes and Gloyd's (1940:223) action (possibly an earlier one exists) designating USNM 471 as the lectotype be followed. 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011.

Distribution: see map in Meik et al. 2015: Fig. 1 
References
  • Amaral,A. do 1929. Studies of nearctic ophidia III. Notes on Crotalus tigris KENNICOTT, 1839. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 2 (4): 82-85
  • Baird, S.F. 1859. Reptiles of the Boundary. In: United States and Mexican Boundary Survey under the Order of Lieut. Col. W. H. Emory, Major First Cavalry, and United States Commisioner. 2, Rept., Pt.2. Department of the Interior, Washington, 35 pp. - get paper here
  • Beaman, K.R. & Hayes, W.K. 2008. Rattlesnakes: Research Trends and Annotated Checklist. In: Hayes et al. (eds), The biology of rattlesnakes. Loma Linda University Press, pp. 5-16
  • Bezy, R. L., P. C. Rosen, T. R. Van Devender, and E. F. Enderson. 2017. Southern distributional limits of the Sonoran Desert herpetofauna along the mainland coast of northwestern Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 138–167 - get paper here
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