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Cyclura nubila (GRAY, 1831)

IUCN Red List - Cyclura nubila - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaIguanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesCyclura nubila caymanensis BARBOUR & NOBLE 1916
Cyclura nubila nubila (GRAY 1831) 
Common Namesnubila: Cayman Islands Ground Iguana, Cuban Iguana, Cuban Rock Iguana
caymanensis: Sister Islands Rock Iguana, Lesser Cayman’s Iguana 
SynonymIguana (Cyclura) Nubila GRAY 1831: 39 (in CUVIER; edit. GRIFFITH)
Cyclura nubila — COPE 1861: 123
Cyclura nubila — COPE 1886: 263
Cyclura nubila — SCHWARTZ & CAREY 1977
Cyclura nubila — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 396
Cyclura nubila — RODRÍGUEZ SCHETTINO 1999: 154
Cyclura nubila — BUCKLEY et al. 2016

Cyclura nubila nubila GRAY 1831
Cyclura Harlani DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 218 (partim)
Cyclura MacLeayii GRAY 1845
Cyclura macleayi — BARBOUR & NOBLE 1916
Cyclura macleayi macleayi — SHAW 1954
Cyclura macleayi macleayi — VARONA & GARRIDO 1970
Cyclura nubila nubila — SCHWARTZ & THOMAS 1975
Cyclura nubila nubila — SCHWARTZ & CAREY 1977
Cyclura macleayi — BONETTI 2002: 124
Cyclura nubila nubila — LEMM & ALBERTS 2012
Cyclura nubila nubila — BUCKLEY et al. 2016

Cyclura nubila caymanensis BARBOUR & NOBLE 1916
Cyclura caymanensis BARBOUR & NOBLE 1916
Cyclura macleayi caymanensis — GRANT 1941: 29
Cyclura macleayi caymanensis — CAREY 1966
Cyclura nubila caymanensis — SCHWARTZ & THOMAS 1975
Cyclura nubila caymanensis — SCHWARTZ & CAREY 1977
Cyclura nubila caymanensis — SAWANNIA et al. 2013
Cyclura nubila caymanensis — LEMM & ALBERTS 2012
Cyclura nubila caymanensis — BUCKLEY et al. 2016
Cyclura caymanensis — HEDGES et al. 2019 
DistributionCuba, Isla de la Juventud (= Isla de Pinos), Archipelago de los Canarreos, Cayos de San Felipe,
Cayman I, Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico.

Cyclura nubila nubila: Cuba, Isla de la Juventud; cayeréas and islands associated with Cuba; introduced on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico. Type locality: "South America?"; restricted by Schwartz and Carey, 1977, to Cuba.

Cyclura nubila caymanensis: Cayman Is.: Little Cayman I. and Cayman Brac; introduced on Grand Cayman I.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.29.88.
Holotype: MCZ 10534 [caymanensis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2174 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentFor illustrations see Barbour and Noble, 1916 (as C. macleayi, C. caymanensis); Barbour and Ramsden, 1919 (as C. macleayi); Grant, 1941 (as C. macleayi caymanensis, C. m. lewisi); Vogel, 1965 (as C. macleayi); Vogel, 1966 (as C. macleayi); Carey, 1975; Schwartz and Carey, 1977.

Hybridization: C. n. nubila hybrizes with C. n. lewisi (SKUBOWIUS 2012).

Phylogenetics: C. lewisi nests within C. nubila fide Reynolds et al. 2022. 
EtymologyApparently named after Latin nubila for cloudy, in reference to the irregular pale blotches on the dorsal surface of this species. 
References
  • Alberts, A.C., A.M. Perry, J.M. Lemm & J.A. Phillips 1997. Effects of incubation temperature and water potential on growth and thermoregulatory behavior of hatchling rock iguanas (Cyclura nubila) Copeia 1997 (4): 766-776. - get paper here
  • Alberts, A.C.; Carter, R.L.; Hayes, W.K. & Martins, E.P. (eds.) 2004. Iguanas - Biology and Conservation. University of California Press, 356 pp. - get paper here
  • Bakowskie, Ronny 2013. Über einen kleinen Tierpark im Nordosten Kubas. Terraria-Elaphe 2013 (6): 46-48 - get paper here
  • Barbour, T. and C. T. Ramsden. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll. 47: 69-213. - get paper here
  • Barbour, T. and Noble, G.K. 1916. A revision of the lizards of the genus Cyclura. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 60 (4): 139-64. - get paper here
  • Beovides–Casas, K. & C. A. Mancina 2006. Natural history and morphometry of the Cuban iguana (Cyclura nubila Gray, 1831) in Cayo Sijú, Cuba. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 29.1: 1-8
  • Bonetti, Mathilde 2002. 100 Sauri. Mondadori (Milano), 192 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger,G.A. 1890. On the distinctive cranial characters of the Iguanoid lizards allied to Iguana. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 6: 412-414 - get paper here
  • Buckley, Larry J.; Kevin de Queiroz, Tandora D. Grant, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, John B. Iverson (Chair, <br>Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Catherine L. Stephen (Iguana Taxonomy Working Group, ITWG 2016. A Checklist of the Iguanas of the World (Iguanidae; Iguaninae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Burton, F.J. 2004. Revision to species of Cyclura nubila lewisi Grand Cayman Blue Iguana. Carib. J. Sci. 40: 198-203
  • Burton, F.J. 2004. Revision to Species of Cyclura nubila lewisi, the Grand Cayman Blue Iguana. Carib. J. Sci. 40 (2): 198-203
  • CABALLERO, DAYLON FUNDORA; FÉLIX BRAVO CABRERA, AILÍN ABREU PORTALES & ODEY MARTÍNEZ LLÁNES. 2022. Herpetofauna of the Elemento Natural Destacado Dunas de Playa Pilar, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Reptiles & Amphibians 29(1): 191–194. - get paper here
  • Carey, W.M. 1966. Observations of the ground iguana Cyclura macleayi caymanensis on Cayman Brac, British West Indies Herpetologica 22 (4): 265-268. - get paper here
  • Christian, K.A., I.E. Clavijo, N. Cordero-Lopez, E.E. Elias-Maldonado, M.A. Franco, M.V. Lugo-Ramirez & M. Marengo 1986. Thermoregulation and Energetics of a Population of Cuban Iguanas (Cyclura nubila) on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico Copeia 1986 (1): 65-69. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1885. The large iguanas of the Greater Antilles. American Naturalist 19: 1005-1006
  • Cope, E.D. 1886. On the species of Iguaninae. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 23 (122): 261-271 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Estrada, A.R. 1998. Anfibios y Reptiles Encontrados Durante 1988 y 1989 en Cayo Paredón Grande, Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagüey, Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 34 (1-2): 106-112
  • Fenske, R. & T. Grellmann 1997. Beobachtungen an Kubaleguanen (Cyclura nubila) auf der Insel Cayo Largo del Sur vor Kuba. Sauria 19 (3): 3-7 - get paper here
  • García, Miguel A. and Glenn P. Gerber 2016. Conservation and Management of Cyclura Iguanas in Puerto Rico. Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Geißler, L. 2005. Exkursionen im Westen Kubas. Reptilia (Münster) 10 (56): 42-49 - get paper here
  • González, Amnerys; Vicente Berovides, Dorka Cobián, Leonardo Espinosa, Julio Milián, Gretel Abad, <br>Ernesto Palacio, Manuel Alonso-Tabet, Manuel López, and Yairen Alonso 2016. Monitoring the Density of the Cuban Rock Iguana (Cyclura nubila nubila) from Protected Areas in<br>Southern Cuba. Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • González, R.A., V. Berovides y D. Cobián. 2007. Densidades de la iguana (Cyclura nubila nubila) en algunas áreas protegidas de Cuba. CUBAZOO 16:39-42
  • González, R.A., V. Berovides y M.A.Castañeira. 2004. Variación intrapoblacional de la densidad y las características de los refugios de la iguana cubana (Cyclura nubila nubila) en Cayo del Rosario, Archipiélago de los Canarreos, Cuba. Revista Biología 18(1):50-56
  • Grant, C. 1941. The herpetology of the Cayman Islands. Bulletin of the Institute of Jamaica, Science Series [1940] (2):1-56
  • Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of Class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E & E. Pidgeon: The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed [Vol. 9]. Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London: 481 + 110 pp. [1830] - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Grellmann, T., R. Fenske & A. Helmdag 1995. Beobachtungen der Kubaleguane Cyclura nubila Gray auf der Insel Cayo Largo del Sur vor Kuba. Sauria 17 (3): 19-21 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2002. Kurz vor der Ausrottung: der Blaue Leguan von Grand Cayman. Iguana Rundschreiben 15 (2): 9-10
  • Krüger, B. 2008. Herpetologisches zwischen Kolumbus’ Landungspunkt und der Karibik - Kubas mittlerer Osten. Reptilia (Münster) 13 (69): 44-49 - get paper here
  • Lemm, J.M. & Alberts, A.C. 2012. Cyclura. Elsevier / Academic Press, 221 pp.
  • Malone,C.L.; Wheeler,T.; Taylor, J.F. & Davis,S.K. 2000. Phylogeography of the Caribbean Rock Iguana (Cyclura): implications for conservation and insights on the biogeographic history of the West Indies. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 17 (2): 269 - get paper here
  • Pagoda, P. 2011. Ein Monat als Volontär in der Karibik - der Blauen wegen. Elaphe 19 (1): 65-72
  • Perera, A. 1984. Aspectos de la ecomorfología de Cyclura nubila nubila (Sauria:Iguanidae). Ciencias Biológicas 11: 129-141
  • Perera, A. 1985. Datos sobre la dieta de Cyclura nubila (Sauria: Iguanidae) en los alrededores de Cayo Largo del Sur, Cuba. Poeyana 291:1-12
  • Perera, Antonio 1985. Datos sobre abundancia y actividad de Cyclura nubila (Sauria: Iguanidae) en los alrededores de Cayo Largo del Sur, Cuba. Poeyana (288): 1-17
  • Reynolds, R. G., Miller, A. H., Pasachnik, S. A., Knapp, C. R., Welch, M. E., Colosimo, G., ... & Iverson, J. B. 2022. Phylogenomics and Historical Biogeography of West Indian Rock Iguanas (genus Cyclura). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107548 - get paper here
  • Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes (ed.) 1999. The iguanid lizards of Cuba. University Press of Florida, 428 pp.
  • Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes, Carlos A. Mancina & Vilma Rivalta González 2013. REPTILES OF CUBA: CHECKLIST AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (144): 1-96 - get paper here
  • Sawannia, K.; Goetz, M. & Foerster, K. 2013. Bedroht im Paradies. Terraria-Elaphe 2013 (5): 80-83 - get paper here
  • Schardt, M. 1998. Haltung und Nachzucht des Kuba-Wirtelschwanzleguans Cyclura nubila nubila (GRAY 1831). Elaphe 6 (2): 6-11
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. and Carey, M. 1977. Systematics and evolution in the West Indian iguanid genus Cyclura. Stud. Fauna Curaçao and Carib. Is. 53(173):15-97. - get paper here
  • Shaw, C.E. 1954. Captive-breed Cuban Iguana (Cyclura macleayi macleayi) Herpetologica 10 (2): 73-78. - get paper here
  • Skubowius, Bernd 2012. Ein Besuch bei der Reptilien-Auffangstation der Phoenix Herpetological Society. Draco 13 (50): 79-85 - get paper here
  • Starostová, Zuzana; Rehák, Ivan; Frynta, Daniel 2010. New haplotypes of Cyclura nubila nubila from Cuba changed the phylogenetic tree of rock-iguanas: a challenge for conservation strategies? Amphibia-Reptilia 31: 134-143 - get paper here
  • Varona, Luis S.;Garrido, Orlando H. 1970. Vertebrados de los Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba, Inclyendo una nueva especie de Jutía. Poeyana (75): 1-26
  • Vogel, Z. 1965. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf Kuba. Aquar. und Terrar. 12 (7):235-39.
  • Vogel, Z. 1966. Herpetologische waarnemingen op Cuba (II). Lacerta 24 (8): 59-60. - get paper here
  • Werning, H. 2012. Zwischen Anolis und Cycluren: Unterwegs auf Puerto Rico. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (95): 100-109 - get paper here
  • Wissman, Margaret 1995. In search of the Grand Cayman blue rock iguana (Cyclura nubila lewisi). Reptiles 3 (2): 56-57
 
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