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Cyclura onchiopsis (COPE, 1885)

IUCN Red List - Cyclura onchiopsis - Extinct, EX

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Higher TaxaIguanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Navassa Rhinoceros Iguana
G: Navassa-Nashornleguan 
SynonymC.[yclura] onchiopsis COPE 1885
C.[yclura] nigerrima COPE 1885: 188 (nom. nud.)
Cyclura onchiopsis — COPE 1886
Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis — SCHWARTZ & THOMAS 1975
Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis — SCHWARTZ & CAREY 1977
Cyclura onchiopsis — POWELL 1999
Cyclura onchiopsis — POWELL 2000
Cyclura onchiopsis — JOSEPH-OUNI 2007
Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis — LEMM & ALBERTS 2012
Cyclura onchiopsis — BUCKLEY et al. 2016
Cyclura onchiopsis — HEDGES et al. 2019 
DistributionNavassa Island.

Type locality: "from an unknown locality." Restricted type locality: "Island of Navassa" (Cope 1886).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: USNM 9977, USNM 12239, MCZ 4717 
Diagnosis 
CommentConservation: Cyclura onchiopsis COPE 1885 is “undoubtedly” extinct (POWELL 2000). 
EtymologyNamed after the Greek words onkos, meaning "swelling," and -opsis, meaning "likeness". It is likely a reference to the observation made by Cope in 1885 that the temporal muscles of the Navassa rhinoceros iguana were very developed, giving it a large convexity behind. 
References
  • Buckley, Larry J.; Kevin de Queiroz, Tandora D. Grant, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, John B. Iverson (Chair, <br>Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Catherine L. Stephen (Iguana Taxonomy Working Group, ITWG 2016. A Checklist of the Iguanas of the World (Iguanidae; Iguaninae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1885. The large iguanas of the Greater Antilles. American Naturalist 19: 1005-1006
  • Cope, E.D. 1886. On the species of Iguaninae. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 23 (122): 261-271 - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • Joseph-Ouni, M. 2007. Profiles of extinction #24: Navass Island Rhinoceros Iguana, Cyclura onchiopsis. Reptilia (GB) (50): 11 - get paper here
  • Lemm, J.M. & Alberts, A.C. 2012. Cyclura. Elsevier / Academic Press, 221 pp.
  • Powell, R. 1999. Herpetology of Navassa Island, West Indies. Carib. J. Sci. 35: 1-13
  • Powell, R. 2000. Cyclura onchiopsis Cope Navassa Island Rhinoceros Iguana. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (710): 1-3 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
 
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