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Cyrtodactylus annulatus (TAYLOR, 1915)

IUCN Red List - Cyrtodactylus annulatus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Annulated Bow-fingered Gecko 
SynonymGymnodactylus annulatus TAYLOR 1915: 92
Gymnodactylus annulatus — TAYLOR 1918: 234
Gymnodactylus annulatus — TAYLOR 1922: 44
Cyrtodactylus annulatus — UNDERWOOD 1954: 475
Gymnodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) annulatus — WERMUTH 1965: 47
Cyrtodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) annulatus — RÖSLER 2000: 65 
DistributionPhilippines (Mindanao, Sulu Archipelago, Bohol, Cebu, Pacijan, Siquijor, Inampulugan, Camiguin Sur)

Type locality: Bunauan [Bunawan], Agusan Province, Mindanao.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: CAS 133694, an adult male, collected by A. C. Alcala in Agusan del Norte Province, west side of Mt. Hilonghilong (520 m), Mindanao Island, Philippines, on 26 May, 1971 (designated by WELTON et al. 2009); Holotype originally in BSP = Bureau of Sciences, Philippine Islands (destroyed). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Cyrtodactylus annulatus is larger than, and readily diagnosable from its phenotypically most similar Philippine congener, C. tautbatorum, by having three ‘‘barbell’’ shaped (vs. 4 or 5 ‘‘bow-tie’’ shaped; Fig. 4) transverse body bands between limb insertions, contact between the first infralabial and two (vs. 3) enlarged postmentals, internasals comprised of single anterior and two posterior scales (versus single internasal), single internasal not contacting supralabials, ventrolateral tubercle row non-protuberant or absent (vs. highly protuberant), and dorsal trunk tubercles conical or sharply pointed (vs. convex and rounded; Table 1). Cyrtodactylus annulatus is smaller than C. agusanensis, and further differs from this species by having a precloacal groove, invariably six precloacal pores (vs. 6–9), and fewer post-cloacal tubercles and midbody dorsal scales. Cyrtodactylus annulatus also lacks femoral pore-bearing scales and pores (present in C. agusanensis; Table 1). It is smaller than C. philippinicus, from which it can further be distinguished by the invariable presence of three (vs. 3–6) transverse bands, fewer precloacal pores, and a reduced or absent (vs. protuberant) ventrolateral tubercle row. Cyrtodactylus annulatus is diagnosed from C. redimiculus by having a precloacal groove, near-consistent dorsal body tuberculation (vs. reduced tuberculation on anterior trunk, nuchal region, and head of C. redimiculus), a reduced or absent (vs. protuberant) ventrolateral tubercle row, and fewer midbody dorsal scales and paravertebral scales. Cyrtodactylus annulatus is further distinguished from C. redimiculus by the absence of a reticulate head color pattern. These and other differences between congeners are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 in WELTON et al. 2009. 
CommentDistribution: not on Panay (M. Gaulke, pers. comm., 26 Dec 2012). 
EtymologyNamed after the diminutive form (“annul-”) of Latin “anus” = ring. 
References
  • Beukema, W. 2011. Herpetofauna of disturbed forest fragments on the lower Mt. Kitanglad Rnage, Mindanao Isand, Philippines. Salamandra 47 (2): 90-98 - get paper here
  • Decena, S. C. P., Macasait Jr, D. R., & Arguelles, M. S. 2023. Species Accounts, Assemblage, and Microhabitats of Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeastern Leyte, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 152(1), 1-34
  • Ferner, John W., Rafe M. Brown, Rogelio V. Sison and Robert S. Kennedy 2000. The amphibians and reptiles of Panay Island, Philippines. Asiatic Herpetological Research 9: 1-37 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. L., Wood, P. L., Poyarkov, N. A., Le, M. D., Kraus, F., Agarwal, I., ... & Grismer, J. L. 2021. Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 101–154 - get paper here
  • Linkem, Charles W.; Jimmy A. McGuire, Christopher J. Hayden, Mohammed Iqbal Setiadi, David P. Bickford, and Rafe M. Brown 2008. A New Species of Bent-Toe Gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Sulawesi Island, Eastern Indonesia. Herpetologica 64 (2): 224-234 - get paper here
  • Mohagan, Alma B.; Olga M. Nuñeza, Angel C. Alcala, Jose A. Escarlos Jr., Arturo G. Gracia Jr., Eric Claire T. Selpa, Leonil Jun B. Baguhin, Fulgent P. Coritico & Victor B. Amoroso 2019. Species richness and endemism of Reptilian Fauna in four Long-Term Ecological Research sites in Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversity Journal, 2019, 10 (3): 237–248 - get paper here
  • Oaks, J. R., Siler, C. D. and Brown, R. M. 2019. The comparative biogeography of Philippine geckos challenges predictions from a paradigm of climate‐driven vicariant diversification across an island archipelago. Evolution doi:10.1111/evo.13754 - get paper here
  • Pitogo, K. M. E., Saavedra, A. J. L., & Afuang, L. E. 2021. Amphibians and Reptiles of Mount Busa, Sarangani Province: a Glimpse of the Herpetological Community of Southern Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 150(5), 1279-1306 - get paper here
  • Riedel, J., Klemm, M., Higham, T., Grismer, L. L., Ziegler, T., Russell, A., ... & Reinhold, K. 2023. Variation in claw morphology among the digits of Bent-toed geckos (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkota: Gekkonidae). BMC zoology, 8(1), 1-7 - get paper here
  • Rösler, H. 2000. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2: 28-153
  • Rösler, H. & Glaw, F. 2008. A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Malaysia including a literature survey of mensural and meristic data in the genus. Zootaxa 1729: 8–22 - get paper here
  • Sanguila MB, Cobb KA, Siler CD, Diesmos AC, Alcala AC, Brown RM 2016. The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands. ZooKeys 624: 1–132, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.624.9814 - get paper here
  • Siler, Cameron D.; Jamie R. Oaks, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Arvin C. Diesmos, Rafe M. Brown 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of Philippine bent-toed geckos (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) contradict a prevailing model of Pleistocene diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2): 699-710 - get paper here
  • Solania, C. L., Cuadrado, J. T., Galolo, A. R. V., & Gamalinda, E. F. 2021. Species Richness and Community Structure of Amphibians and Reptiles in Andanan Watershed Forest Reserve, Caraga Region, Philippines. Biodiversity Journal 12 (3): 673–694 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E.H. 1915. New species of Philippine lizards. Philippine Journal of Science. 10: 89-109 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E.H. 1922. The lizards of the Philippine Islands. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Science, Government of the Philippine Islands, Manila, Publication no. 17: 269 pp. - get paper here
  • Taylor, Edward H. 1918. Reptiles of Sulu Archipelago. Philippine Journal of Science 13 (5d): 233-267 - get paper here
  • Underwood, Garth 1954. On the classifcation and evolution of geckos. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124 (3): 469-492
  • Venturina, R. E. L., Diesmos, M. L. L., Maglangit, E. P. T., del Prado, Y. L. C., Ordas, J. A. D., Fernandez, J. B., ... & Diesmos, A. C. 2023. Herpetofauna of Mount Capistrano, a Fragmented Limestone Karst Forest in Central Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 152(6A), 2031-2048
  • VENTURINA, Russell Evan L.;Ynigo Luis C. DEL PRADO,Rhim Ayyah C. KAMIR, Marlon N. BALMORES and Arvin C. DIESMOS 2020. A Revised Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles in Camiguin Sur, Misamis Oriental, Mindaanao, Philippines. Asian Herpetological Research 11 (1): 28-43 - get paper here
  • Welton, L.J, Siler, C.D., Diesmos, A.C. & Brown, R.M. 2010. Phylogeny-based species delimitation of southern Philippines bent-toed geckos and a new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. Zootaxa 2390: 49–68 - get paper here
  • Welton, Luke J.; Cameron D. Siler, Arvin Diesmos, and Rafe M. Brown 2009. A NEW BENT-TOED GECKO (GENUS CYRTODACTYLUS) FROM SOUTHERN PALAWAN ISLAND, PHILIPPINES AND CLARIFICATION OF THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF C. ANNULATUS. Herpetologica 65 (3): 328-343 - get paper here
  • Welton, Luke J.; Cameron D. Siler, Charles W. Linkem, Arvin C. Diesmos, and Rafe M. Brown 2010. Philippine Bent-Toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus agusanensis Complex: Multilocus Phylogeny, Morphological Diversity, and Descriptions of Three New Species. Herpetological Monographs 24 (1): 55-85 - get paper here
  • Wermuth, H. 1965. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Gekkonidae, Pygopodidae, Xantusiidae. Das Tierreich (80): 1—246
  • Youmans, Timothy M. & L. Lee Grismer 2006. A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia. Herpetological Natural History 10 (1): 61-70
 
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