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Elaphe quatuorlineata (LACÉPÈDE, 1789)

IUCN Red List - Elaphe quatuorlineata - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesElaphe quatuorlineata muenteri (BEDRIAGA 1882)
Elaphe quatuorlineata quatuorlineata (LACEPEDE 1789)
Elaphe quatuorlineata scyrensis CATTANEO 1999
Elaphe quatuorlineata parensis CATTANEO 1999 
Common NamesE: Four-lined snake (or ratsnake)
G: Vierstreifennatter
sauromates: E: Eastern Four-lined Ratsnake
sauromates: G: Östliche Vierstreifennatter
NL: vierstreepslang
Croatian: četveroprugi kravosas
Italian: cervone 
SynonymColuber quatuor-lineatus LACÉPÈDE 1789: 142
Coluber quatuor-lineatus — BONNATERRE 1790: 44
Coluber nauii DONNDORF 1798: 206 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Coluber quadristriatus DONNDORF 1798: 207 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Coluber quaterradiatus GMELIN 1799: 158 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Coluber quadrilineatus — DAUDIN 1803: 266
Coluber pictus PALLAS 1811: 45 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Coluber alpestris MÉNÉTRIES 1832: 68 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Coluber poecilocephalus FISCH. De WALDH. 1832: 575 (fide BOULENGER)
Elaphis sauromates var. graeca BEDRIAGA
Elaphis quater-radiatus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 254
Elaphis cervone SCHREIBER 1875: 254
Elaphis cervone — MOJSISOVICS 1889: 244
Coluber quaterradiatus — BOETTGER 1891: 418
Coluber quatuorlineatus — BOULENGER 1894: 45
Coluber quatuorlineatus — BOULENGER 1913
Elaphe quatuorlineata preamatura WERNER 1935
Elaphe quattuorlineata — BUSEKE 1982 (in error)
Elaphe quatuorlineata — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Elaphe quatuorlineata — SCHULZ 1996: 209
Elaphe quatuorlineata — HELFENBERGER 2001
Elaphe quatuorlineata — UTIGER et al. 2002
Elaphe quatuorlineata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 262
Elaphe quatuorlineata — KWET & TRAPP 2015

Elaphe quatuorlineata quatuorlineata (LACÉPÈDE 1789)
Coluber quatuorlineatus LACEPEDE 1789
Elaphe quatuorlineata quatuorlineata — CATTANEO 1999
Elaphe quatuorlineata quatuorlineata — THANOU et al. 2019

Elaphe quatuorlineata muenteri BEDRIAGA 1882
Elaphis sauromates var. muenteri BEDRIAGA 1882
Elaphe quatuorlineata rechingeri WERNER 1932
Elaphe rechingeri — CLARK 1994
Elaphe quatuorlineata muenteri — LENK et al. 2001
Elaphe rechingeri — WALLACH et al. 2014: 263
Elaphe quatuorlineata muenteri — THANOU et al. 2019

Elaphe quatuorlineata scyrensis CATTANEO 1999
Elaphe quatuorlineata scyrensis — THANOU et al. 2019

Elaphe quatuorlineata parensis CATTANEO 1999
Elaphe quatuorlineata parensis — THANOU et al. 2019 
Distributioncoastal Croatia (including some adriatic islands), Serbia, Slovenia, Hercegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Greece (Paros, Skyros, Skopelos e Alonissos, Lefkada and Zakynthos, Kerkyra= Corfu = Corfou, Samothraki, Andros, Tinos, Kea), W Bulgaria,
Italy: north to Tuscany and Umbria

Type locality: see comment (in error)

muenteri: Naxos, Amorgos, Ios, Folegandros, and a few other nearby islands, Greece (see Kornilios et al. 2014 for a map)

parensis: Paros Island, Greece

rechingeri: Greece (Amorgos Island); Type locality: Inseln Amorgos, (süd-östliche Cycladen), Cycladenarchipel” [= Amorgos Island, cenral Cyclades, SE Greece, bet. 36°46’–56’N & 25°44’–26°05’E].

scyrensis: Skyros Island, Greece, Type locality: Isola di Skyros (Sporadi settentrionali, Grecia)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: unlocated, was in Coll. Cattaneo (King of France’s cabinet, Paris)
Holotype: private collection, EQ/PR 9 (10) C C. (= Collezione Erpetologica Augusto Cattaneo, Roma); Paratypes: ZFMK and in Coll. Cattaneo [parensis]
Holotype: unknown fide Schulz 1996: 213 [muenteri]
Holotype: private collection, EQ/SK 6 (1) CC (= Collezione Erpetologica Augusto Cattaneo, Roma); s. ad. n. (= subadult ?), leg. Cristina Cattaneo, 12 maggio 1993 [scyrensis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (parensis): “Un Elaphe quatuorlineata che si distingue dalla forma muenteri (probabile progenitrice) in base alle divergenze correlate alle diverse interazioni biotiche: a Paros manca infatti Podarcis erhardii, è presente invece Elaphe situla. Queste interazioni comportano tendenze alimentari diverse, in quanto rivolte agli uccelli (uova e nidiacei) e ai mammiferi di media mole (giovani ratti e conigli selvatici). Ne derivano maggiori dimensioni sia del neonato (P medio 17 g), sia del giovane adulto (maturità sessuale e abito a strisce a 90-100 cm), sia dell'adulto a pieno sviluppo (Lt 150-160 cm; P 700-900 g), con conseguente maggior numero di uova alla deposizione (9-18).
Si differenzia altresì non solo per la tendenza alla riduzione del numero di squame ventrali (x = 205 nei [male symbols], 212,7 nelle [female symbols] ), ma soprattutto per il più basso numero di squame dorsali a metà tronco (x = 23, moda 23 nei [male symbols]; x = 24, moda 23 nelle [female symbols]) (si consideri che questi valori della folidosi del tronco distaccano nettamente E. q. parensis non solo da muenteri, ma anche da quatuorlineata sensu stricto).” 
CommentIllustration of Elaphe quatuorlineata muenteri in CIMATTI (2003).

Synonymy: The unstriped ssp. rechingeri, was synonymized with E. q. muenteri by Lenk et al. (2001) as they were found genetically almost identical.

Subspecies: Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates is now treated as full species. Kornilios et al. 2014 support the recognition of three genetic lineages that roughly correspond to the morphological subspecies, although they recomment to re-evaluate the morphological characters used for their discrimination. However, the status of parensis remained unclear in this study due to the lack of samples. Similarly, Thanou et al. 2020 considered subspecies as premature.
Wallach et al. 2014 cite Clark 1994 as source for the validity of E. rechingeri.

Type locality: The type locality in Lacepède (1789) is given as "Provence, France" in error for that species.

It might be that the type specimen was in fact a Elaphe (now Rhinechis) scalaris (See Böhme & Scerbak 2003). Bonnaterre's description (1790) is based most probable on the same specimen. Lacepède's Work (1789) is rejected as invalid for Nomenclature (ICZN 1987). The next valid description is that of Bonnaterre (1790). Clarification of this complex nomenclatoric problem is needed.

Distribution: listed as questionable/possible for Jordan by DISI et al. 2001. Reports from Romania are E. sauromates (previously E. quatuorlineata suaromates). Not in Syria (as reported by BERGER -DELL’MOUR 1986); reports from Syria are E. sauromates. See map in Thanou et al. (2020) for subspecies. For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013.

Type locality: Provence, France (in error)

Type species: Coluber quatuorlineatus LACEPEDE 1789 is the type species of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger 1833.

Nomenclature: The name Coluber quatuorlineatus LACEPEDE 1789 was put on the Official list of specific names in Zoology by ICZN Opinion 490. However, Opinion 1463 largely suppressed Lacepede’s 1789 names of snakes.

Habitat: terrestrial (Harrington et al. 2018). 
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