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Eutropis multicarinata (GRAY, 1845)

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Mabuyinae (Mabuyini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymTiliqua multicarinata GRAY 1845
Tiliqua multicarinata — MÜLLER 1880
Mabuia multicarinata — BOULENGER 1887
Mabuia multicarinata — DE ROOIJ 1915: 161
Mabuya multicarinata — TAYLOR 1918
Mabuia multicarinata — STERNFELD 1918: 395
Mabuya multicarinata — TAYLOR 1922
Mabuya multicarinata — DRYDEN & TAYLOR 1969
Mabuya multicarinata — BROWN & ALCALA 1980: 125
Mabuya multicarinata — GREER et al. 2000
Eutropis multicarinata — MAUSFELD et al. 2002 (misidentification)
Eutropis multicarinata multicarinata — KOCH 2012: 212
Eutropis multicarinata — BARLEY et al. 2020: 58
Eutropis multicarinata — BARLEY et al. 2021 
DistributionPhilippines (NE Mindanao Island: Agusan del Sur Province, Dinagat, Samar, Leyte, Camiguin Sur)

Type locality: Philippines  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.15.13-15; otherwise given as syntypes: BMNH 1946.8.15.13-15 (formerly xv.94a-c), collected H. Cuming.
Additional specimens: KU 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A species of Eutropis, distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) body medium-sized (SVL 61–72 mm in adults); (2) interparietal large, parietals not in contact, or in some cases, interparietal fused to nuchal; (3) paravertebrals 34–39; (4) sum of subdigital lamellae on all five toes of one foot 74–80; (5) ventral scales rows 24–29; (6) midbody scale rows 30–33; (7) keels on dorsal and lateral body scales moderately defined, 5–10; (8) lower eyelid scaly; (9) supraciliaries 4–5; (10) prefrontals separated or in contact; (11) primary temporal scales two; (12) dorsal and lateral body surface having relatively uniform bronze and dark brown coloration, respectively, without pronounced light stripes (Barley et al. 2020). 
CommentDistribution: previously considered to be a widespread species that occurs in Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines (incl. Bohol, Mindanao), Indonesia (Talaud archipelago, Sulawesi), Palau (Belau) islands, Taiwan (Lanyu), Micronesia, and possibly others, but restricted to populations on Mindanao and nearby islands by Barley et al. 2020. Barley et al. (2013) determined that the southern Philippine populations of E. multicarinata were actually composed of two distinct species (E. multicarinata and Clade E, which they described as E. caraga) that occur syntopically on Mindanao, Samar, and Dinagat Island, and assumed that the Leyte populations were representative of true E. multicarinata. Although these two species are extremely morphologically similar, they do usually differ based on lamellae count (74–80 for E. multicarinata and 80–91 for E. caraga).

History: Gray (1845) initially described E. multicarinata (the first species described from the endemic Philippine radiation) based on three specimens collected by H. Cuming, but the locality was only labeled as ‘‘Philippines.’’ Brown and Alcala (1980) found that two of the specimens (which Gray mistakenly identified as juveniles, an assumption that was perpetuated by later researchers including Taylor) were mature adults that belonged to a new species they described as E. cumingi. They also suggested that the third specimen (BMNH 1946.8.15.13, which they assigned as the E. multicarinata holotype) was likely drawn from one of the southern populations in the archipelago (which they then described as the subspecies E. m. multicarinata) based on the fact that the interparietal is relatively long and narrow, and the presence of dark markings under the chin and throat. They designated Leyte (somewhat arbitrarily) as the type locality based on the fact that Cuming was known to have visited several islands in the southeastern portion of the archipelago (including Leyte, but also Samar, and Dinagat) (from Barley et al. 2020: 58). 
References
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  • BARLEY, ANTHONY J.; JORDAN WHITE, ARVIN C. DIESMOS, RAFE M. BROWN 2013. THE CHALLENGE OF SPECIES DELIMITATION AT THE EXTREMES: DIVERSIFICATION WITHOUT MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN PHILIPPINE SUN SKINKS. Evolution, DOI: 10.1111/evo.12219 - get paper here
  • Barley, Anthony J.; Marites B. Sanguila and Rafe M. Brown 2021. A new species of Sun Skink (Reptilia: Scincidae: Eutropis) from the Zamboanga Peninsula, southwestern Mindanao Island, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 14 (2): 1-18; DOI: 10.26757/pjsb2020b14012 - get paper here
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