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Gekko hokouensis POPE, 1928

IUCN Red List - Gekko hokouensis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Kwangsi Gecko
Chinese: 铅山壁虎 
SynonymGekko japonicus hokouensis POPE 1928
Hemidactylus marmoratus HALLOWELL 1861: 491
Hemidactylus marmoratus — BOULENGER 1885: 113
Gehyra intermedia BROWN 1902: 183
Hemidactylus marmoratus — STEJNEGER 1907: 175
Gekko japonicus — STEJNEGER 1907: 165 (part.)
Peropus intermedius — CHRAPLIWY et al. 1961: 11
Gehyra intermedia — WERMUTH 1965: 34
Gekko japonicus — LIU YU 1970
Gekko hokounensis ZHOU, LIU & LI 1982
Luperosaurus amissus TAYLOR 1962 (fide OTA et al. 1989)
Gehyra intermedia — KLUGE 1993
Hemidactylus marmoratus — KLUGE 1993
Hemidactylus marmoratus — RÖSLER 2000: 87
Gehyra intermedia — RÖSLER 2000: 80
Gekko hokouensis — RÖSLER 2000: 81
Gekko hokuensis — COOPER 2005
Gekko hokouensis — LUU et al. 2014
Gekko (Japonigekko) hokouensis — WOOD et al. 2019
Gekko (Japonigekko) hokouensis — WOOD et al. 2020 
DistributionE China (Kwangsi = Guangxi, Jiangsu to Fujian; Hunan), Japan (Ryukyu-Islands, Kyushu Islands, incl. Senkaku group, Osumi group), Taiwan (incl. Lanyu Islands, Lutao Island [Chou 1999])

Type locality: Hok’ou (= Qianshan), E China.

intermedia [invalid]: Japan (Ryukyu Islands); Type locality: Ryukyu Islands.

marmoratus ‘invalid]: Japan, Ryukyu-Island (Okinawa); Type locality: Loo Choo  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: AMNH 35090
Holotype: lost (A. Bauer, pers. comm. 21 Aug 2011) [intermedia] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSimilar species: G. hokouensis is closely related to G. swinhonis. Gekko hokouensis occasionally hybridizes with Gekko yakuensis (Toda et al. 2001, Okamoto et al.: Genbank sequences). In southern Japan, the widely disseminated Gekko hokouensis, and a local gecko, Gekko yakuensis, have formed mosaic hybrid zones. Apparently, Gekko hokouensis expanded its range and tends to replace hybrids and Gekko yakuensis (Okamoto et al. 2023).

Synonymy: KLUGE 1993 listed Gehyra intermedia with a question mark but without further comment. Both Gehyra intermedia and H. marmoratus may be synonyms of Gekko hokouensis (OTA 1989). Currently they are not recognized as their types are lost (A. Bauer, pers. comm. 21+25 Aug 2011). Gekko liboensis ZHOU, LIU & LI 1982 has been removed from the synonymy of G. hokuensis by Jono et al. 2015.

Distribution: Has been reported from the Philippines but probably does not occur there (Charles Linkem, pers. comm., 23 March 2010). 
EtymologyThis new species, “kwangsiensis”, is named after its type locality, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Kwangsi is the former spelling of Guangxi). 
References
  • Aya Kawai & Junko Ishijima & Chizuko Nishida & Ayumi Kosaka & Hidetoshi Ota & Sei-ichi Kohno & Yoichi Matsuda 2009. The ZW sex chromosomes of Gekko hokouensis (Gekkonidae, Squamata) represent highly conserved homology with those of avian species. Chromosoma (2009) 118:43–51 - get paper here
  • Bauer, Aaron M., and Barry W. Baker. 2008. An East Asian gecko (Gekko hokouensis, Gekkonidae) intercepted in Champlain, New York, USA. Applied Herpetology 5 (2):197-198 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Brown, A. E. 1902. A collection of reptiles and batrachians from Borneo and the Loo Choo Islands. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 54:183 - get paper here
  • Chou,W. H. 1999. Geographic distribution: Gekko hokouensis. Herpetological Review 30 (4): 233 - get paper here
  • Chrapliwy, P. S., H. M. Smith, and C. Grant. 1961. Systematic status of the geckonid lizard genera Gehyra, Peropus, Hoplodactylus and Naultinus. Herpetologica 17: 5-12 - get paper here
  • Cooper Jr., W.E. 2005. Duration of movement as a lizard foraging movement variable. Herpetologica 61 (4): 363-372 - get paper here
  • Ezaz, T. et al. 2009. Sex Chromosome Evolution in Lizards: Independent Origins and Rapid Transitions. Cytogenet Genome Res 127: 249-260 - get paper here
  • Goris, R.C. & Maeda, N. 2004. Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger, Malabar, 285 pp.
  • Hallowell, E. 1861. Report upon the Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under command of Capt. John Rogers, U. S. N. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12 [1860]: 480 - 510 - get paper here
  • Han, De-Min; Zhou, Kai-Ya & Wang, Yi-Quan 2001. Phylogeny of ten species of chinese gekkonid lizards (Gekkonidae: Lacertilia) inferred form 12 S rDAN [sic] DNA sequences. Acta Zool. Sinica 47 (2): 139-144
  • JONO, Teppei; Li DING, Takuma KAITO, Yezhong TANG, and Mamoru TODA 2015. Reevaluation of the Taxonomic Status of a Poorly Known Gecko, Gekko liboensis (Reptilia: Squamata). Asian Herpetological Research 6 (3): 229–236 - get paper here
  • Liu-Yu, M.C. 1970. Studies on Taiwan lizards. Biol. Bull. Taiwan Normal Univ. 5: 51-93
  • LUU, VINH QUANG; THOMAS CALAME, TRUONG QUANG NGUYEN, MINH DUC LE& THOMAS ZIEGLER 2015. Morphological and molecular review of the Gekko diversity of Laos with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 3986 (3): 279–306 - get paper here
  • LUU, VINH QUANG; THOMAS CALAME, TRUONG QUANG NGUYEN, MINH DUC LE, MICHAEL BONKOWSKI & THOMAS ZIEGLER 2014. A new species of the Gekko japonicus group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from central Laos. Zootaxa 3895 (1): 073–088 - get paper here
  • Mao, Jean-Jay; Ray Ger and Gerrut Norval 2013. Gekko hokouensis, Hemidactylus stejnegeri: Predation. Herpetological Bulletin (123) - get paper here
  • Matsui, T. & Ota, H. 1995. On Chinese herpetology. Herpetologica 51 (2): 234-250 - get paper here
  • NGUYEN, TRUONG QUANG; YING-YONG WANG, JIAN-HUAN YANG, TANJA LEHMANN, MINH DUC LE, THOMAS ZIEGLER, MICHAEL BONKOWSKI 2013. A new species of the Gekko japonicus group (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the border region between China and Vietnam. Zootaxa 3652 (5): 501–518 - get paper here
  • Okada, S., M. Izawa & H. Ota 2002. Growth and Reproduction of Gekko hokouensis (Reptilia: Squamata) on Okinawajima Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan Journal of Herpetology 36 (3): 473-479. - get paper here
  • Okamoto, K., Tominaga, A., & Toda, M. 2023. Demographic imbalance in the hybrid zone led to asymmetric gene flow between two closely related geckos, Gekko hokouensis and Gekko yakuensis (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blad092 - get paper here
  • Ota, Hidetoshi 1989. A review of the geckos (Lacertilia: Reptilia) of the Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan. in: Matsui et al., eds; Current Herpetology in East Asia: Proceedings of the Second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium Kyoto, July 1988: 222-261 - get paper here
  • Ota,H, Lue,KY, Chen,SH & Brown,WC 1989. Taxonomic status of the Taiwanese Gekko, with comments on the synonymy of Luperosaurus amissus Taylor. Journal of Herpetology 23 (1): 76-78 - get paper here
  • Ota,H.; Crombie, R.I.; Lue, K.Y. & Chen, S.H. 1988. A record of Gekko hokuensis (Reptilia: Sauria) from Lanyu Island, Taiwan, with notes on its variation. Journal of Taiwan Museum 41 (1): 7-14
  • Pope,C.H. 1928. Four new snakes and a new lizard from South China. American Museum Novitates 325: 1-4 - get paper here
  • Rafe M. Brown, Cameron D. Siler, Indraneil Das, Yong Min 2012. Testing the phylogenetic affinities of Southeast Asia’s rarest geckos: Flap-legged geckos (Luperosaurus), Flying geckos (Ptychozoon) and their relationship to the pan-Asian genus Gekko. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 915-921 - get paper here
  • Rösler, H. 2000. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2: 28-153
  • Shibaike, Y. et al. 2009. Chromosome Evolution in the Lizard Genus Gekko (Gekkonidae, Squamata, Reptilia) in the East Asian Islands. Cytogenet Genome Res 127: 182-190 - get paper here
  • Srikulnath K, Uno Y, Nishida C, Ota H, Matsuda Y 2015. Karyotype Reorganization in the Hokou Gecko (Gekko hokouensis, Gekkonidae): The Process of Microchromosome Disappearance in Gekkota. PLoS One 10 (8): e0134829, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134829 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L. 1910. The batrachians and reptiles of Formosa. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 38: 91-114 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, LEONHARD H. 1907. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 58: xx, 1-577 - get paper here
  • Toda, M., Hikida, T. & Ota, H. 2001. Discovery of sympatric cryptic species within Gekko hokouensis (Gekkonidae: Squamata) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan, by use of allozyme data. Zoologica scripta 30 (1): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Toda, M.; Okada, S.; Ota, H.; Hikida, T. 2001. Biochemical assessment of evolution and taxonomy of the morphologically poorly diverged geckos, Gekko yakuensis and G. hokouensis (Reptilia: Squamata) in Japan, with special reference to their occasional hybridization. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 73 (10: 153-165 - get paper here
  • Toda, Mamoru and Tsutomu Hikida 2011. Possible Incursions of Gekko hokouensis (Reptilia: Squamata) into Non-Native Area: An Example from Yakushima Island of the Northern Ryukyus, Japan. Current Herpetology 30 (1): 33-39 - get paper here
  • Toda, Mamoru; Hikida, Tsutomu; Ota, Hidetoshi 1997. Genetic variation among insular populations of Gekko hokouensis (Reptilia: Squamata) near the northeastern borders of the Oriental and Palearctic Zoogeographic Regions in the Northern Ryukyus, Japan. Zoological Science 14: 859-867 - get paper here
  • Wang, C. G. M. Z. X., Jia, S. Y. K. T. L., & Hu, C. Z. J. 2022. An updated species checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Fujian Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 22090 - get paper here
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  • Wood Jr, Perry L.; Xianguang Guo, Scott L. Travers, Yong-Chao Su, Karen V. Olson, Aaron M. Bauer, L. Lee Grismer, Cameron D. Siler, Robert G. Moyle, Michael J. Andersen, Rafe M. Brown 2019. Parachute geckos free fall into synonymy: Gekko phylogeny, and a new subgeneric classification, inferred from thousands of ultraconserved elements. bioRxiv 717520 [preprint] - get paper here
  • Wood, P. L., Guo, X., Travers, S. L., Su, Y. C., Olson, K. V., Bauer, A. M., Grismer, L. L., Siler, C. D., Moyle, R. G., Andersen, M. J. and Brown, R. M. 2020. Parachute geckos free fall into synonymy: Gekko phylogeny, and a new subgeneric classification, inferred from thousands of ultraconserved elements. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106731 [corrigendum: MPE 164: 107255] - get paper here
  • YANG, JIAN-HUAN 2015. A new species of the genus Gekko Laurenti (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Guangxi, China. Zootaxa 3936 (2): 287–295 - get paper here
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
  • Zhou K Y; Liu Y Z; Li D J 1989. Three new species of Gekko and remarks on Gekko hokouensis (Lacertiformes, Gekkonidae). Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (77): 1-10 [Translated from original Chinese from: Acta Zootaxonomia Sinica 7(4) 1982] - get paper here
  • Zhou, Kaiya & Wang, Qiuxian 2008. New species of Gekko (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from China: morphological and molecular evidence. Zootaxa 1778: 59-68 - get paper here
 
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