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Heosemys grandis (GRAY, 1860)

IUCN Red List - Heosemys grandis - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Giant Asian Pond Turtle
G: Riesenerdschildkröte 
SynonymGeoemyda grandis GRAY 1860
Geomyda grandis — THEOBALD 1868: 11 (in error)
Geoemyda grandis — GRAY 1873: 320
Cyclemys grandis — LORENZ 1984
Heosemys grandis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 447
Heosemys grandis — COX et al. 1998: 126
Heosemys grandis — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Heosemys grandis — THEOBALD 1868:
Heosemys grandis — TTWG 2021 
DistributionMyanmar (= Burma) (southward from Pegu), Thailand, Cambodia, N Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos

Introduced to Singapore

Type locality: Cambojia [= Cambodia]  
Reproductionoviparous. Exhibits temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) fide Cornejo-Páramo et al. 2020 (and references therein). 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1867.12.30.66 (possibly - not marked as type in NHM) 
Diagnosis 
CommentSimilar species: Cyclemys enigmatica (e.g. in CHAN-ARD et al. 2011; the species in their Fig 2. is not Cyclemys enigmatica but Heosemys grandis, U. Fritz, pers. comm., 17. June 2012). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin grandis, meaning ‘big’ or ‘large’, in reference to the larger carapax size of this new species compared to congeners. 
References
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, Tanya; Siriporn Thong-aree, Michael Cota and Sunchai Makchai 2011. Cyclemys of the Peat Swamp of Southernmost Thailand. The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal 5(2): 107-112
  • Cornejo-Páramo, P., Lira-Noriega, A., Ramírez-Suástegui, C. et al. 2020. Sex determination systems in reptiles are related to ambient temperature but not to the level of climatic fluctuation. BMC Evol Biol 20: 103 - get paper here
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • Duong, Loi Duc; Chung Dac Ngo and Truong Quang Nguyen 2014. New records of turtles from Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam. Herpetology Notes 7: 737-744 - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • FIGUEROA, ALEX; MARTYN E.Y. LOW, KELVIN K.P. LIM 2023. Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution. Zootaxa 5287 (1): 001–378 - get paper here
  • Goode, J. Michael and Michael A. Ewert. 2006. Reproductive trends in captive Heosemys grandis (Geoemydidae). Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 5 (1): 165-169 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1860. On some new species of mammalia and tortoises from Cambojia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 6: 217-218 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1873. Additional notes on the form of the bones in the sternum of very young tortoises, and their development. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 12: 319-323 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L.L., Neang, T., Chav, T. & Grismer, J.L. 2008. Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the Cardamom region of Southwestern Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2008(1): 12–28 - get paper here
  • HARTMANN, Timo; Flora IHLOW, Sarah EDWARDS, SOVATH Sothanin, Markus HANDSCHUH and Wolfgang BÖHME 2013. A Preliminary Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Northern Cambodia. Asian Herpetological Research 4 (1): 36–55 - get paper here
  • Iverson, J. B. and W. P. McCord 2006. Intraspecific variation in the Giant Asian Pond Turtle, Heosemys grandis (Gray 1860). Hamadryad 30: 124-130. - get paper here
  • Joyce, Walter G.; James F. Parham , Tyler R. Lyson , Rachel C. M. Warnock and Philip C. J. Donoghue 2013. A Divergence Dating Analysis of Turtles Using Fossil Calibrations: An Example of Best Practices. Journal of Paleontology, 87(4):612-634 - get paper here
  • Kasper K, Schweikhard J, Lehmann M, Ebert CL, Erbe P, Wayakone S, Nguyen TQ, Le MD, Ziegler T 2020. The extent of the illegal trade with terrestrial vertebrates in markets and households in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. Nature Conservation 41: 25–45 - get paper here
  • Kowalski, T., W. Grossmann, H.-J. ZILGER & B.-M. ZWANZIG 2011. Herpetologische Beobachtungen im Sultanat Oman: Das Saiq - Plateau im Jebel al - Akhdar. Sauria 33 (1): 29-50 - get paper here
  • Lee, J. C.I.; Tsai, L.C.; Liao, S.P.; Linacre, A. & Hsieh, H.M. 2009. Species identification using the cytochrome b gene of commercial turtle shells. Forensic Science International: Genetics 3: 67–73 - get paper here
  • Lehr, E. & Holloway, R. 2003. Turtle trade in Cambodia. Reptilia (GB) (30): 64-71 - get paper here
  • Lorenz, W. 1984. Die asiatischen Schildkroten der Familie Emydidae. 2. Die Gattung Cyclemys Bell 1834 und Notochelys Gray 1863. Die Schildkrote 6(1): 4-20.
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • ONN, CHAN KIN; L. LEE. GRISMER, DIONYSIUS S. SHARMA, DAICUS BELABUT, and NORHAYATI AHMA 2009. New herpetofaunal records for Perlis State Park and adjacent areas. Malayan Nature Journal 61 (4): 255 - 262
  • Pauwels, O.S.G.; David, P.; Chimsunchart, C. & Thirakhupt, K. 2003. Reptiles of Phetchaburi Province, Western Thailand: a list of species, with natural history notes, and a discussion on the biogeography at the Isthmus of Kra. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 3 (1): 23-53 - get paper here
  • Rudolphi, M. & Weser, R. 2000. Zucht der F2-Generation bei der Riesenerdschildkröte Heosemys grandis (gRAY, 1860). Sauria 22 (3): 17-24 - get paper here
  • Schilde, M. 2004. Asiatische Sumpfschildkröten - Die Familie Geoemydidae in Südostasien, China und Japan. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here
  • Theobald, William 1868. Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 10: 4-67. - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Ziegler, Thomas; Annemarie Ohler; Vu Ngoc Thanh; Le Khac Quyet; Nguyen Xuan Thuan; Dinh Huy Tri & Bui Ngoc Thanh 2006. Review of the amphibian and reptile diversity of Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park and adjacent areas, central Truong Son, Vietnam. Herpetologica Bonnensis II: 247-262 - get paper here
  • Zug, G.R. & Mulcahy, D.G. 2019. Identification guide Amphibians and reptiles of South Tanintharyi. Fauna & Flora International, 101 pp.
 
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