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Hydrodynastes bicinctus (HERMANN, 1804)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Herrmann's Water Snake
Portuguese: Cobra-Coral, Cobra-D’água, Coral-D’água, Falsa-Cobra-D’água, Jararacuçu 
SynonymColuber bicinctus HERMANN 1804: 276
Elaps schrankii WAGLER 1824: 1
Elaps schrankii — SPIX 1824: 1
Xenodon bi-cinctus — SCHLEGEL 1837: 95
Liophis bi-cinctus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 716
Lejosophis bicinctus – JAN 1863
Dugandia bicincta — DUNN 1944
Dugandia bicincta — HOGE 1952: 226
Hydrodynastes bicinctus — HOGE 1958: 222
Hydrodynastes bicintus — HOGE 1964: 77 (in error)
Hydrodynastes bicinctus bicinctus — HOGE 1966: 143
Hydrodynastes bicinctus schultzi HOGE 1966: 143
Hydrodynastes bicinctus schultzi — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 127
Hydrodynastes bicinctus bicinctus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 127
Hydrodynastes bicinctus — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Hydrodynastes bicinctus — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Hydrodynastes bicinctus bicinctus — FRANCO et al. 2007
Hydrodynastes bicinctus schultzi — FRANCO et al. 2007
Hydrodynastes bicinctus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 339
Hydrodynastes bicinctus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionGuiana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Rondonia, Pará, Maranhão, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo, Amapa, Tocantins), Colombia, Venezuela

bicinctus: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas). Type locality: “none given; Rio Japurá, Brazil” (fide KORNACKER 1999). Neotype locality: “municipality of Novo Progresso (07°02’25’’S, 55°24’55’’W, about 240m [elevation]), state of Pará, Brazil”

schultzi: Brazil (São Paulo, Goias: HR 33: 226, Tocantins, Mato Grosso do Sul)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: MPEG 24628, Adult male, designated by MURTA-FONSECA et al. 2015; Holotype: unlocated (WALLACH et al. 2014: 333)
Paratypes: IBSP [schultzi]
Holotype: ZSM 1847/0 (lost) [Elaps schrankii] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Hydrodynastes bicinctus is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of states of characters: dorsal scales usually in 19/19/15 rows; ventral scales 164–180 in females and 154–179 in males; subcaudals 60–85 in females and 63–93 in males; prediastemal teeth 11–13; no apical pits; dorsum of body brown with darker saddle-shaped blotches; venter checkered with black and cream; postocular stripe “C” shaped, reaching gular region [from MURTA-FONSECA et al. 2015]. 
CommentSynonymy and subspecies after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970 and Dunn 1944. MURTA-FONSECA et al. 2015 synonymized H. bicinctus schultzi with the nominal taxon. Hydrodynastes gigas and H. bicinctus have a recent divergence time (~1.5 mya) and both species have low genetic diversity with no geographic structure (Carvalho et al. 2023).

Type species: Coluber bicinctus HERRMANN 1804: 276 is the type species of the genus Hydrodynastes FITZINGER 1843: 25. Hoge 1958 states that the type species is Elaps schrankii = Hydrodynastes bicinctus. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin bi-, two, twice; double; having two + Latin cinctus, surround/encircle/ring; enclose. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • ARAUJO, C.O. & ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M. 2011. Herpetofauna de um remanescente de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11(3): 47-62 - get paper here
  • BERNARDE, P.S., ALBUQUERQUE, S., BARROS, T.O. & TURCI, L.C.B. 2012. Serpentes do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 12 (3): 1-29 - get paper here
  • Carvalho, P.S., Santana, D.J., Zaher, H. et al. 2023. Effects of Environmental Variation in Structuring Population Genetic Variation in the False-Water Cobras (Xenodontinae: Hydrodynastes). Evol Biol (2023) - get paper here
  • Claessen, H. 2003. De slangen van de Guyanas Deel VI. Lacerta 61 (5): 177-187 - get paper here
  • Dunn, E.R. 1944. Dugandia, a new snake genus for Coluber bicinctus Herrmann. Caldasia 3 (11): 69- - get paper here
  • Filippi, F. de 1840. Catalogo Raggionato e Descrittivo ... Serpenti del Museo dell’ I. R. Universitá de Pavia. Bibliot. Ital. 99: 163-187, 306-343
  • FRANCO, FRANCISCO L.; DANIEL S. FERNANDES & BRUNO M. BENTIM 2007. A new species of Hydrodynastes Fitzinger, 1843 from central Brazil (Serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae). Zootaxa 1613: 57–65 - get paper here
  • Freiberg, M.A. 1982. Snakes of South America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 189 pp. - get paper here
  • Gasc & Rodrigues 1980. Liste preliminaire des Serpents de la Guyane francaise. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (4): 559-598
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • Herrmann, J. 1804. Observationes Zoologicae quibus novae complures aliaeque animalium species, describuntur et illustrantur (opus posthumum) edidit Fridericus Ludovicus Hammer. Amandum Koenig, Paris, 332 pp. - get paper here
  • Hoge, A. R. 1952. Snakes from the Uaupés region. Memórias do Instito Butantan 24 (2): 225-227 - get paper here
  • Hoge, A. R. 1958. Tres notas sobre serpentes brasileiras Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 13: 221-225 - get paper here
  • Hoge, A.R. 1966. Notes on Hydrodynastes (Serpentes - Colubridae). Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, 18: 143
  • Hoge, Alphonse Richard & Nina, A.C.M. 1964. Serpentes coletadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Mem. Inst. Butantan 30 [1960-1962]: 71-96 - get paper here
  • Hoogmoed,M.S. and Gruber,U. 1983. Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (The Netherlands). Spixiana Suppl. 9: 319-415 - get paper here
  • Kuch, U. 1990. Hydrodynastes bicinctus (Serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae) - Ein Kurzportrait. Sauria 12 (4): 11-13 - get paper here
  • Lancini,A.R. & Kornacker,P.M. 1989. Die Schlangen von Venezuela. Armitano Editores C.A., Caracas, 1-381
  • Morato de Carvalho, C. et al. 2021. VERTEBRADOS TERRESTRES DE RORAIMA BIOLOGIA GERAL E EXPERIMENTAL 20/21 (1): - get paper here
  • MURTA-FONSECA, ROBERTA A.; FRANCISCO L. FRANCO & DANIEL SILVA FERNANDES 2015. Taxonomic status and morphological variation of Hydrodynastes bicinctus (Hermann, 1804) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zootaxa 4007 (1): 063–081 - get paper here
  • Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Spix, J.B. von. 1824. Serpentum brasiliensium species novae ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens, recueillies et observées pendant le voyage dans l'intérieur du Brésil dans les années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, exécuté par ordre de sa majesté le Roi de Bavière. Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni, Monachii viii + 75 pp. - get paper here
  • Starace, Fausto 1998. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. IBIS Rouge Editions, Guadeloupe, Guyane, 450 pp.
  • Starace, Fausto 2013. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. Ibis Rouge Editions, Matoury, Guyane, ISBN 978-2-84450-407-4 - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W.; RM Oliveira, AFN Gonzaga, KC Pinto, FC Poli, TM Bilce, M Penhacek, L Wronski, JX Martins, TG Junqueira, LCC, Cesca VY, Guimarães RD. Pinheiro 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of amphibians and reptiles from Volta Grande do Xingu, northern Brazil Braz. J. Biol., 75 (3) (suppl.): S205-S218 - get paper here
  • Wagler, J. 1824. Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. In: Jean de Spix, Animalia nova sive species novae. [NAtrix bahiensis: 27,. Monaco, Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni, vii + 75 pp. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
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  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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