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Kentropyx altamazonica (COPE, 1875)

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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Cocha Whiptail
Portuguese: Calango, Calango-Verde, Calanguinho, Iguaninha Lagarto 
SynonymCentropyx altamazonicus COPE 1875: 162
Centropyx calcaratus — GUICHENOT 1855: 32
Centropyx altamazonicus — BOULENGER 1885: 342
Kentropyx williamsoni RUTHVEN 1929: 1
Centropyx alto-amazonicus — GOELDI 1902: 537
Kentropyx calcaratus — CUNHA 1961: 107 (part)
Kentropyx altamazonicus — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 151
Kentropyx williamsoni — PETERS et al. 1970: 152
Kentropyx altamazonica — GALLAGHER & DIXON 1980: 616
Kentropyx altamazonica — GALLAGHER & DIXON 1992: 130
Kentropyx altamazonica — AVILA-PIRES 1995: 509
Kentropyx altamazonica — DIRKSEN & DE LA RIVA 1999
Kentropyx altamazonica — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Kentropyx altamazonica — HARVEY et al. 2012 
DistributionEcuador (Amazonas), Peru, Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz), Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil (Amazonas, Acre, Mato Grosso, Santarém: HR 33: 225, Pará)

Type locality: Moyabamba, Peru.

williamsoni: Brazil; Type locality: Brazil, Manáos.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 13105
Holotype: UMMZ 56850 [williamsoni] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dorsals only slightly larger than scales on flanks, not in longitudinal rows. Scales around midbody 107-145 (123.0 ± 8.0, n= 79). Femoral pores 28-42 (33.8 ± 2.9, n= 81) in total. A light, straight, vertebral stripe in juveniles and some adults. A t each side a black dorsolateral band, bordered dorsally and ventrally by light stripes, upper one starting on nape, lower one at posterior corner of eye. Lamellae under fingers homogeneously swollen. Sides of toes with well developed denticulate fringe (increasing from first to fourth toe) (Avila-Pires 1995). 
CommentNot listed for Ecuador by TORRES-CARVAJAL 2001. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “altus”, meaning high and combined with Amazon; in reference to the type locality, the upper Amazon. 
References
  • Avila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen 299: 1-706 - get paper here
  • Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio;, Reginaldo Assêncio Machado & Luiz Carlos Batista Turci 2011. Herpetofauna da área do Igarapé Esperança na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre – Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11 (3): 117-144 - get paper here
  • Bolla, D.A.S., Bandeira, L.N. & Carvalho, F. 2017. Kentropyx altamazonica (Cocha Whiptail) Habitat use. Herpetological Review 48 (4): 847-848 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • CATENAZZI, A., LEHR, E. & VON MAY, R. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru. Biota Neotropica 13 (4): 269-283
  • Cole J C. Dessauer H C. Townsend C R. Arnold M G. 1995. Kentropyx borckiana (Squamata: Teiidae): A unisexual lizard of hybrid origin in the Guiana Region, South America. American Museum Novitates (3145): 1-23. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1875. Report on the Reptiles brought by Professor James Orton from the middle and upper Amazon and western Peru. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia N.S. (2) 8: 159-183 [sometimes thought to be published 1876 but see Murphy et al. 2007 for clarification] - get paper here
  • Crnobrna B, Santa-Cruz Farfan R, Gallegos C, López-Rojas JJ, Llanqui IB, Pisco GP, Arbaiza AK 2023. Herpetological records from the Abujao basin, central Peruvian Amazon. Check List 19(4): 433-465 - get paper here
  • Dirksen, L. 2006. Mit Sonar und Guillotine auf Anakondajagd. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (58): 44-50 - get paper here
  • Dirksen, L. & De la Riva, I. 1999. The lizards and amphisbaenians of Bolivia (Reptilia, Squamata): checklist, localities, and bibliography. Graellsia 55: 199-215 - get paper here
  • Dixon, J. R.; Soini, P. 1975. The reptiles of the upper Amazon basin, Iquitos region, Peru, Part I. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 4: 1-58 [1986?] - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 2005. Cusco Amazónico: The Lives of Amphibians and Reptiles in an Amazonian Rainforest. Comstock Pub Assoc.
  • Duellman, W.E., & Salas, A.W. 1991. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Cuzco Amazonico, Peru. Occas. Papers Mus. of Natur. Hist., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence (143): 13 pp. - get paper here
  • Fonseca, Wirven Lima da; Julivaldo Dantas da Silva, Arthur Diesel Abegg, Conrado Mario da Rosa, Paulo Sergio Bernarde 2019. Herpetofauna of Porto Walter and surrounding areas, Southwest Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 91-107 - get paper here
  • Freitas, M. A. de, Venancio, N. M., Abegg, A. D., Azevedo, W. S, Pereira, V. O., Zanotti, A. P., Veloso, A., Schwarzbach, L., Oliveira, A. G., da Silva, R. C. C., de Amorim, V. R. G. and de Moura, G. J. B. 2020. Herpetofauna at the Rio Acre Ecological Station, Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 13: 33-48. - get paper here
  • Gallagher D S & Dixon J R. 1992. Taxonomic revision of the South American lizard genus Kentropyx Spix (Sauria, Teiidae). Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino 10 (1): 125-171
  • Gallagher D S JR.; DIXON J R. & SCHMIDLY D J 1986. Geographic variation in the Kentropyx calcarata species group (Sauria: Teiidae): a possible example of morphological character displacement. Journal of Herpetology 20 (2): 179-189 - get paper here
  • Goeldi, E. A. 1902. Lagartos do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 3: 499-560
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Grant, C. 1959. Herpetology of Barbados, B.W.I. Herpetologica 15 (2): 97-101 - get paper here
  • HARVEY, MICHAEL B.; GABRIEL N. UGUETO & RONALD L. GUTBERLET, Jr. 2012. Review of Teiid Morphology with a Revised Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Teiidae (Lepidosauria: Squamata). Zootaxa 3459: 1–156 - get paper here
  • Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru. Natur und Tier-Verlag (Münster), 208 pp. - get paper here
  • Magnusson, William E.;Lima, Albertina P. 1995. Kentropyx altamazonica. Color. Herpetological Review 26 (1): 36 - get paper here
  • MENDES, DIEGO M.M.; GLEICIELY ALMEIDA CABRAL, CAROLINA GOMES SARMENTO, JONAS ALVES DE OLIVEIRA & ALEXANDRE PUCCI HERCOS. 2022. KENTROPYX ALTAMAZONICA (Cocha Whiptail). PREDATION. Herpetological Review 53 (2): 324–325.
  • Metcalf, M. F., Guedouar, E., Davis, L., Rodriguez, A., Marsh, A., Pacaya, E. T., ... & Gunnels IV, C. W. 2023. Herpetofauna of Madre Selva Biological Station in Loreto, Peru. Herpetology Notes, 16, 727-740
  • Metcalf, Matthew; Alexander Marsh, Emerson Torres, Devon Graham, Charles Gunnels 2020. Herpetofauna of the Santa Cruz Forest Preserve in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Herpetology Notes 13: 753-767 - get paper here
  • MORAES, LEANDRO J.C.L. & JESSICA A. OLIVEIRA. 2021. Notes on the mating behavior of Kentropyx altamazonica (Squamata: Teiidae): first evidence of courtship display for the genus. Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 20(2): 191–196. - get paper here
  • MURPHY R. W., SMITH A. and NGO A. 2007. The versions of Cope's Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 7 (1): - get paper here
  • Prudente, A.L.C.; F. Magalhães; A. Menks; J.F.M. Sarmento. 2013. Checklist of Lizards of the Juruti, state of Pará, Brazil. Check List 9 (1):42-50 - get paper here
  • Rabosky, Daniel L.; Rudolf von May, Michael C. Grundler and Alison R. Davis Rabosky 2019. The Western Amazonian Richness Gradient for Squamate Reptiles: Are There Really Fewer Snakes and Lizards in Southwestern Amazonian Lowlands? Diversity 11: 199; doi:10.3390/d11100199 - get paper here
  • RIBEIRO-JÚNIOR, MARCO A., SILVANA AMARAL 2016. Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. III. Anguidae, Scincidae, Teiidae. Zootaxa 4205 (5): 401–430 - get paper here
  • Ribeiro-Júnior, Marco A. & Silvana Amaral 2016. Diversity, distribution, and conservation of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) in the Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2:1, 195-421 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Ruthven, Alexander G. 1929. Description of a new species of Kentropyx from Brazil. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (206): 1-3 - get paper here
  • Serrano-Rojas, Shirley Jennifer; Jaime Villacampa, and Andrew Whitworth 2016. Notes on the reproduction of Kentropyx altamazonica (Squamata: Teiidae) and Imantodes lentiferus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from southeast Peru. Phyllomedusa 15 (1): 69-73 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W.; RM Oliveira, AFN Gonzaga, KC Pinto, FC Poli, TM Bilce, M Penhacek, L Wronski, JX Martins, TG Junqueira, LCC, Cesca VY, Guimarães RD. Pinheiro 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of amphibians and reptiles from Volta Grande do Xingu, northern Brazil Braz. J. Biol., 75 (3) (suppl.): S205-S218 - get paper here
  • Waldez, F., Menin, M., & Vogt, R. C. 2013. Diversidade de anfíbios e répteis Squamata na região do baixo rio Purus, Amazônia Central, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 13: 300–316 - get paper here
  • Werneck, F.P., Giugliano, L.G., Collevatti, R.G. & Colli, G.R. 2009. Phylogeny, biogeography and evolution of clutch size in South American lizards of the genus Kentropyx (Squamata: Teiidae). Molecular Ecology 18: 262-278 - get paper here
 
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