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Leiocephalus sixtoi KÖHLER, BOBADILLA & HEDGES, 2016

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Higher TaxaLeiocephalidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Hispaniolan Dune Curlytail 
SynonymLeiocephalus sixtoi KÖHLER, BOBADILLA & HEDGES 2016 
DistributionDonimican Republic (Peravia)

Type locality: Dunas de Baní, near the village of Las Salinas, 18.21285°, -70.53131°, elevation 5 m asl, Provincia de Peravia, Dominican Republic.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: SMF 99143, an adult male, collected 22 March 2014 by Marcos Rodriguez Bobadilla. Field tag number GK-5061. Paratypes. SMF 99144–51, same collecting data as the holotype; MNHNSD 23.2193–202, same locality as the holotype but collected 6 July 2012 by Marcos Rodríguez, Luis M. Díaz, and Nils Navarro. MNHNSD 23.202, SMF 99145, 99147, 99150–51 are adult males, the remaining specimens are adult females. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Leiocephalus sixtoi differs from all other congeners except L. schreibersii, L. melanochlorus, L. psammodromus, L. inaguae, and L. macropus by the presence of a lateral fold. It differs from L. melanochlorus, L. psammodromus, and L. macropus in having 3 internasals (vs. 2 in L. melanochlorus and L. macropus, and 4 in L. psammodromus, respectively). It further differs from L. melanochlorus and L. psammodromus in having 4 lorilabial scales anterior to the enlarged subocular (vs. 5–6). Leiocephalus sixtoi differs from L. inaguae in having a U- shaped bony parietal table (vs. V-shaped in L. inaguae), 3 or 4 enlarged postcloacal scales in males (vs. 2 in L. inaguae), most scales on the snout posterior to the internasal scales rugose to keeled (vs. smooth in L. inaguae), and a patternless throat in males, spots on the throat in females (vs. throat with dark streaks and bars in males and females of L. inaguae). Leiocephalus sixtoi differs from L. schreibersii in having the scales of the lateral fold only slightly smaller than adjacent scales (vs. scales of lateral fold distinctly smaller than adjacent scales; Fig. 4a,b), having prominent caudal crest scales in adult males (vs. caudal crest scales of moderate size, even in very large males in L. schreibersii; Fig. 4c,d), a pattern of dark gray bars on a grayish brown background in the region above the lateral body fold (vs. dense turquoise blue mottling with heavy suffusion of red pigment in L. schreibersii), a darker dorsal ground color (vs. paler in L. schreibersii), and a red iris in adult males (vs. pale grayish blue in adult male L. schreibersii). Leiocephalus sixtoi differs further from L. schreibersii in several osteological characters as follows: in L. sixtoi the nasal process of the premaxilla reaches to mid-level of the bony external nares (vs. to level of posterior margin of the bony external nares in L. schreibersii), lacking a constriction at the base of the nasal process of the premaxilla (vs. such a constriction is present in L. schreibersii), and having a reduced nasal- prefrontal contact that leaves the nasal processes of the frontal bone exposed (vs. nasal and prefrontal bones in contact, thereby obscuring the nasal processes of the frontal bone in L. schreibersii). 
CommentAbundance: only known from its original description (Meiri et al. 2017). 
Etymology“The name sixtoi is a patronym honoring our friend and colleague Sixto Incháustegui, who has contributed substantially to our knowledge of Hispaniolan amphibians and reptiles. Sixto is professor at the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, where he teaches herpetology and history of biology. For more than 35 years, he has been involved as a major player in biological research and nature conservation on a national and international level.” (Köhler et al. 2016: 526). 
References
  • Gifford, M. E. and R. Powell 2019. Leiocephalus sixtoi. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (923): 1-8 - get paper here
  • KÖHLER, GUNTHER; MARCOS J. RODRÍGUEZ BOBADILLA, S. BLAIR HEDGES 2016. A new dune-dwelling lizard of the genus Leiocephalus (Iguania, Leiocephalidae) from the Dominican Republic. Zootaxa 4121 (5): 517–532 - get paper here
  • Kwet, Axel 2017. Neue Arten: Liste der im Jahr 2016 neu beschriebenen Reptilien. Terraria-Elaphe 2017 (3): 54-70 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
 
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