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Microauris aurantolabium (KRISHNAN, 2008)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Orange-lippedforest lizard 
SynonymCalotes aurantolabium KRISHNAN 2008
Calotes andamanensis ISHWAR & DAS 1998 (part)
Microauris aurantolabium — PAL et al. 2018: 440 
DistributionIndia (Western Ghats)

Type locality: Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve Tamil Nadu, India.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BNHS (was BNHM) 1436, Bombay Natural History Society 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). Microauris gen.nov. differs from all other members of draconinae lizards from the Indian subcontinent in having the smallest tympanum. Microauris gen.nov. differs from Mantheyus phuwuanensis by the absence of femoral pores (Manthey & Nabhitabhata, 1991; Ananjeva & Stuart 2001); from the members of the genus Bronchocela by the absence of a fold of skin from angle of jaw to shoulder (Hallermann & Böhme 2000). Microauris gen. nov. can be easily diagnosed from the genera Otocryptis, Sarada and Sitana by the presence of a well-developed fifth toe (Smith, 1935; Deepak et al, 2016); from Cophotis, Ceratophora, Lyriocephalus, Ptyctolaemus, Phoxophrys, Japalura otai, J. planidorsata, J. sagittifera and Otocryptis by the presence of external tympanum (Boulenger, 1885; Smith, 1935; Inger, 1960; Pethiyagoda & Manamendra-Arachchi 1998; Schulte II et al. 2004; Bahir & Silva 2005; Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2006; Samarawickrama et al. 2006). Microauris gen. nov. can be diagnosed from other members of genus Japalura by the absence of heterogenous dorsal scales and short and thick nuchal scales; from Salea by the absence of enlarged plate like scales between the eye and tympanum (Smith, 1935). Microauris gen. nov. can be diagnosed from the members of Psammophilus and Monilesaurus by the absence of a well developed antehumeral fold. Microauris gen. nov. can be diagnosed from Complictus nigrigularis, Hypsicalotes kinabaulensis, Malayadracon robinsonii, Oriocalotes, Pseudocophotis and Pseudocalotes by the absence of enlarged row of suborbital scales (Smith, 1935; Taylor 1963; Ota & Hikida, 1991; Manthey & Denzer 1992; Inger & Steubing 1994; Ota & Hikida, 1996; Hallermann & Böhme 2000; Manthey & Denzer, 2000; Hallermann & McGuire 2001; Leong 2001; Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2006; Samarawickrama et al. 2006; Ananjeva et al. 2007; Hallermann & Böhme 2007; Das & Lakim 2008; Hallermann et al. 2010; Mahony 2010; Harvey et al. 2014; Denzer et al. 2015; Grismer LL et al. 2016; Harvey et al. 2017).
Microauris gen.nov. can be distinguished from the members of the genus Calotes (C. bachae, C. bhutanensis, C. calotes, C. ceylonensis, C. chincollium, C. desilvai, C. emma, C. grandisquamis, C. hutunwini, C. irawadi, C. jerdoni, C. liocephalus, C. liolepis, C. versicolor, C. manamendrai, C. maria, C. medgoensis, C. minor, C. mystaceus, C. nemoricola, C. nigrilabris, C. nigriplicatus and C. pethiyagodai) and Lophocalotes (Günther, 1872) in having the smallest tympanum (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827; Duméril and Bibron, 1837; Gray, 1845; Jerdon, 1854; Günther, 1864; Günther, 1870, Günther, 1872, Günther, 1875; Boulenger, 1885; Biswas, 1975; Zhao & Li, 1984; Hallerman, 2000; Vindum et al. 2003; Hallerman et al. 2004; Bahir & Maduwage, 2005; Zug et al. 2006; Manthey, 2008; Krishnan, 2008; Hartmann et al. 2013; Amarasinghe et al. 2014a,b; Deepak et al. 2015). 
CommentType species: Calotes aurantolabium KRISHNAN 2008 is the type species of the genus Microauris PAL et al. 2018.

Conservation: very rare species, known from only a few specimens, all of which are female (Pal et al. 2018). 
EtymologyThe specific epithet is derived from the Neo-Latin aurantium, meaning golden, and the Latin labium, meaning lip, in reference to the orange upper lip.

The genus name is derived by adding the word ‘Micro’ as a prefix to the Latin word ‘auris’ meaning ear, referring to the extremely small tympanum of this genus. 
References
  • ANANJEVA, N. B. & STUART. B.L. 2001. The agamid lizard Ptyctolaemus phuwuanensis MANTHEY AND NABHITABHATA, 1991 from Thailand and Laos represents a new genus. Russ. J. Herpetol. 8 (3): 165-170 - get paper here
  • Ananjeva, Natalia B;Nikolai L. Orlov, Quang Truong Nguyen and Roman A. Nazarov. 2007. A new species of Pseudocophotis (Agamidae: Acrodonta: Lacertilia: Reptilia) from central Vietnam. Russ. J. Herpetol. 14 (2):153-160 - get paper here
  • Bahir, M.M. & A. Silva 2005. Otocryptis nigristigma, a new species of agamid lizard from Sri Lanka. Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl. No. 12: 393-406 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Das, I. Lakim, M. 2008. A second specimen of Complicitus nigrigularis (Ota & Hikida, 1991). Hamadryad 32 (1): 71-73 - get paper here
  • Deepak, V.; Varad B. Giri, Mohammad Asif, Sushil Kumar Dutta, Raju Vyas, Amod M. Zambre, Harshal Bhosale, K. Praveen Karanth 2016. Systematics and phylogeny of Sitana (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Peninsular India, with the description of one new genus and five new species. Contributions to Zoology 85 (1): 67-111 - get paper here
  • DENZER, WOLFGANG; ULRICH MANTHEY, KRISTIN MAHLOW & WOLFGANG BÖHME 2015. The systematic status of Gonocephalus robinsonii Boulenger, 1908 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae). Zootaxa 4039 (1): 129–144 - get paper here
  • GRISMER, L. LEE; EVAN S. H. QUAH, PERRY L. WOOD, JR., SHAHRUL ANUAR, ABDUL MUIN, HAYDEN R. DAVIS, MATTHEW L. MURDOCH, JESSE L. GRISMER, MICHAEL COTA & ANTHONY J. COBOS 2016. Dragons in the mist: three new species of Pseudocalotes Fitzinger (Squamata: Agamidae) from the sky island archipelago of Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 461–490 - get paper here
  • Hallermann, J. & W. Böhme 2000. A review of the genus Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae), with description of a new species from West Malaysia. Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (2): 193-210 - get paper here
  • Hallermann, J. & W. Böhme 2007. Zur Validität von zwei kürzlich beschriebenen Arten der in Sri Lanka endemischen Gattung Cophotis PETERS, 1861 (Squamata: Agamidae) aus der Knuckles Forest Range. Salamandra 43 (3): 187-190 - get paper here
  • Hallermann, Jakob and Jimmy A. McGuire 2001. A new species of Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from Bukit Larut, West Malaysia. Herpetologica 57 (3):255-265 - get paper here
  • Hallermann, Jakob; Nguyen Quang Truong, Nikolai Orlov, and Natalia Ananjeva 2010. A new species of the genus Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from Vietnam. Russ. J. Herpetol. 17 (1): 31-40 - get paper here
  • HARVEY, MICHAEL B.; AMIR HAMIDY, NIA KURNIAWAN, KYLE SHANEY & ERIC N. SMITH 2014. Three new species of Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Zootaxa 3841 (2): 211–238 - get paper here
  • HARVEY, MICHAEL B.; KYLE SHANEY, AMIR HAMIDY, NIA KURNIAWAN, ERIC N. SMITH 2017. A new species of Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Bukit Barisan Range of Sumatra with an Estimation of its phylogeny. Zootaxa 4276 (2): 215–232 - get paper here
  • Inger, R. F. 1960. A review of the agamid lizards of the genus Phoxophrys HUBRECHT. Copeia 1960 (3): 221 -225. - get paper here
  • Inger, R.F. & Stuebing, R. B. 1994. First record of the lizard genus Pseudocalotes (Lacertilia: Agamidae) in Borneo, with description of a new species. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 42 (4): 961-965 - get paper here
  • Krishnan, S. 2008. New Species of Calotes (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the Southern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Herpetology 42 (3): 530-535 - get paper here
  • Leong, Tzi Ming 2001. Geographic distribution. Dryocalamus subannulatus. Herpetological Review 32 (3):195 - get paper here
  • MAHONY, STEPHEN 2010. Systematic and taxomonic revaluation of four little known Asian agamid species, Calotes kingdonwardi Smith, 1935, Japalura kaulbacki Smith, 1937, Salea kakhienensis Anderson, 1879 and the monotypic genus Mictopholis Smith, 1935 (Reptilia: Agamidae). Zootaxa 2514: 1–23 - get paper here
  • Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum; Anslem de Silva and Thasun Amarasinghe 2006. Description of a second species of Cophotis (Reptilia: Agamidae) from the highlands of Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 6 (Suppl. 1): 1-8
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  • Manthey, U. & W DENZER 1992. Die Echten Winkelkopfagamen der Gattung Gonocephalus KAUP (Sauria: Agamidae) IV Gonocephalus mjoebergi SMITH, 1925 und Gonocephalus robinsonii BOULENGER, 1908. Sauria 14 (1): 15-19. - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & W. Denzer 2000. Description of a new genus, Hypsicalotes gen. nov. (Sauria: Agamidae) from Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo, with remarks on the generic identity of Gonocephalus schultzewestrumi Urban, 1999. Hamadryad 25 (1): 13-20 - get paper here
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  • PAL, SAUNAK; S.P. VIJAYAKUMAR, KARTIK SHANKER, ADITI JAYARAJAN & V. DEEPAK 2018. A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species. Zootaxa 4482 (3): 401–450 - get paper here
  • Pethiyagoda, R. & K. Manamendra-Arachchi 1998. A revision of the endemic Sri Lankan agamid lizard genus Ceratophora Gray, 1835, with description of two new species. Journal of South Asian natural History 3 (1): 1
  • Samarawickrama, V. A. M. P. K.; K. B. Ranawana, D. R. N. S. Rajapaksha, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Nikolai L. Orlov, J. M. A. S. Ranasinghe, and V. A. P.Samarawickrama 2006. A new species of the genus Cophotis (Squamata: Agamidae) from Sri Lanka. Russ. J. Herpetol. 13 (3): 207-214
  • Schulte II, J. A., J. V. Vindum, H. Win, T. Thin, K. S. Lwin & A.K. Shein 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae), with a description of a new species from Chin Hills of Western Myanmar. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 55(12): 222-247 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1935. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.
  • Taylor, E.H. 1963. The lizards of Thailand. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 44: 687-1077. - get paper here
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