Micrurus circinalis (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Trinidad Coralsnake, Trinidad Northern Coral Snake S: Coral Nortefia Trinitaria; Cobra Coral Septentrional de Trinidad
Synonym	Elaps circinalis DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 1210 Elaps riisei JAN 1858: 525 Elaps circinalis — COPE 1878: 33 Elaps riisii — GARMAN 1887: 285 Elaps corallinus BOULENGER 1896 Micrurus psyches circinalis — ROZE 1967: 40 Micrurus psyches circinalis — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 216 Micrurus psyches circinalis — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 1989 Micrurus psyches circinalis — WELCH 1994: 89 Micrurus circinalis — ROZE 1996 Micrurus circinalis — KORNACKER 1999: 150 Micrurus circinalis — CARVALHO 2002 Micrurus circinalis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 443 Micrurus circinalis — JOWERS et al. 2019
Distribution	Trinidad, adjacent mainland Venezuela Type locality: Martinique (in error fide SCHMIDT 1936
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Lectotype: MNHN-RA 3912, a female (designated by Roze, 1989): from an unknown locality, collected by Geoffroy
Diagnosis
Comment	Venomous! Distribution: Cole et al. 2013: 533 believe that records from Guyana (Donnelly et al. 2005: 457) are in error.
Etymology	Latin from circin, a ring or circle, and -alis, pertaining to; thus circinalis refers to this snake as belonging to ringed or banded snakes.
References	Auguste, Renoir J. 2019. Herpetofaunal checklist for six pilot protected areas in Trinidad and Tobago. Herpetology Notes 12: 577-585 - get paper here Boos, H.E.A. 2001. The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. Texas A&M University Press, 270 pp. Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here Burger, W.L. 1955. A new subspecies of the coral snake Micrurus lemniscatus from Vénézuela, British Guiana and Trinidad, and a key for the identification of associated species of coral snakes. Bol. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Caracas 1: 35-40 Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca Cope, E.D. 1878. Synopsis of the cold blooded Vertebrata, procured by Prof. James Orton, during his exploration of Peru in 1876-77. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 17: 33-49 [1877] - get paper here Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian reptiles in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24: 278-286. - get paper here Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53 Jan, G. 1858. Plan d'une iconographie descriptive des ophidiens et description sommaire de nouvelles espèces des serpents. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris (2) 10: 438-449, 514-527 - get paper here Jowers MJ, Garcia Mudarra JL, Charles SP, Murphy JC. 2019. Phylogeography of West Indies Coral snakes (Micrurus): Island colonisation and banding patterns. Zoologica Scripta 48: 263– 276 Kornacker,P.M. 1999. Checklist and key to the snakes of Venezuela. PaKo-Verlag, Rheinbach, Germany, 270 pp. Morato de Carvalho, C. 2002. Descrição de uma nova espécie de Micrurus do Estado de Roraima, Brasil (Serpentes, Elapidae). Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 42(8):183-192 - get paper here Murphy, John C.; John C. Weber, Michael J. Jowers, and Robert C. Jadin 2023. Two Islands, Two Origins: The Snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. In: Lillywhite & Martins, eds., Islands and snakes, vol. II. Oxford University Press, p. 81 ff - get paper here Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here Rivas, G. A., Lasso-Alcalá, O. M., Rodríguez-Olarte, D., De Freitas, M., Murphy, J. C., Pizzigalli, C., ... & Jowers, M. J. 2021. Biogeographical patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the northernmost coastal montane complex of South America. Plos one, 16(3): e0246829 - get paper here RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here Roux-Estève, R. 1982. Les spécimens-types du genre Micrurus (Elapidae) conservés au Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Mém. Inst. Butantan, 46: 79-94. - get paper here Roze, J. A. 1996. Coral Snakes of the Americas. Krieger, Malabar, Florida Roze, Jánis A 1967. A checklist of the New World venomous Coral Snakes (Elapidae), with descriptions of new forms. American Museum Novitates (2287): 1-60 - get paper here Schmidt, Karl P. 1936. Preliminary account of coral snakes of South America. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 20 (19): 189-203 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/257870863104186/ Google images

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