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Pedioplanis lineoocellata (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1839)

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Higher TaxaLacertidae, Eremiadinae, Sauria, Lacertoidea, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesPedioplanis lineoocellata inocellata (MERTENS 1955)
Pedioplanis lineoocellata lineoocellata (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839)
Pedioplanis lineoocellata pulchella (GRAY 1845) 
Common NamesE: Spotted Sand Lizard, Ocellated Sand Lizard [lineoocellata]
E: Common Sand Lizard [pulchella] 
SynonymEremias lineo-ocellata DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 314
Eremias aspera BOULENGER 1917: 217
Eremias aspera BOULENGER 1921: 299
Eremias lineo-ocellata — LOVERIDGE 1936: 62
Eremias lineo-ocellata — FITZSIMONS 1943: 338
Eremias lineo-ocellata — FITZSIMONS & BRAIN 1958
Eremias lineo-ocellata — PIANKA 1969
Eremias lineoocellata — MERTENS 1971
Pedioplanis lineoocellata — ARNOLD 1986
Pedioplanis lineoocellata lineoocellata — AUERBACH 1987: 129
Mesalina lineo-ocellata lineo-ocellata — SZCZERBAK 1989
Pedioplanis lineoocellata lineoocellata — MAYER 1989
Pedioplanis lineoocellata — BAUER & BRANCH 2003
Pedioplanis lineoocellata — MAKOKHA et al. 2007
Pedioplanis lineoocellata — SCHLEICHER 2020

Pedioplanis lineoocellata inocellata (MERTENS 1955)
Mesalina lineo-ocellata inocellata — SZCZERBAK 1989
Pedioplanis lineoocellata inocellata — MAYER 1989
Pedioplanis lineoocellata inocellata — BISCHOFF 1991
Pedioplanis lineoocellata inocellata — BATES et al. 2014: 175

Pedioplanis lineoocellata pulchella (GRAY 1845)
Eremias pulchella GRAY 1845: 42
Eremias annulifera SMITH 1845
Eremias Formosa SMITH 1845
Eremias pulchra SMITH 1845
Eremias pulchella — MÜLLER 1880
Eremias lineoocellata pulchella — FITZSIMONS 1943: 341
Mesalina lineo-ocellata pulchella — SZCZERBAK 1989
Pedioplanis lineoocellata pulchella — MAYER 1989
Pedioplanis lineoocellata pulchella — BISCHOFF 1991
Pedioplanis pulchella — HERRMANN & BRANCH 2013
Pedioplanis lineoocellata pulchella — BATES et al. 2014: 175 
DistributionNamibia, Botswana, N South Africa (without the east, S/W Cape province), SW Namibia

Type locality: South Africa

inocellata: Namibia; Type locality: between Bay of Lüderitz and Aus, Great Namaqualand.

pulchella: Namibia; Great Namaqualand, extending south through Little Namaqualand to the western Cape Province and east across the central and southern karroid areas to the eastern Cape Province [from FITZSIMONS 1943]. Type locality: South Africa.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesTypes: BMNH
Holotype: SMF 13893, famale [inocellata]
Type: BMNH: 1946.8.7.36 (type of Eremias pulchra, GRAY 1845) [pulchra] 
Diagnosis 
CommentBauer and Branch (2001) suggested that lineoocellata and inocellata should
be elevated to full species given that they are allopatric and exhibit substantial morphological and ecological differences. The nominate race has slightly overlapping and keeled scales on the back that are smaller than those on the forelimbs, whereas P. l. pulchella has smooth, juxtaposed scales on the dorsum that are comparable in size to those of the forelimb, which are not overlapping and
smooth on the back. Specimens from Lüderitz Bay in Namibia are sometimes treated as a third subspecies, P. l. inocellata (Mertens, 1955), named for its dull, dark gray body (occasionally with four faint dorsal stripes) and lack of large flank spots (Branch, 1998).

MAKOKHA et al. (2007) found that lineoocellata and pulchella are nested within each other based on DNA phylogeny.

Synonymy: partly after FITZSIMONS 1943. 
References
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Baard, E. H. W. 1987. Life History Note: Pedioplanis lineoocellata: Reproduction. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (33): 34-35 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Bauer, A.M., and Branch, W.R. 2003. The herpetofauna of the Richtersveld National Park, Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. Herpetological Natural History 8: 111-160 [2001]
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Branch, William R. & Haacke, Wulf D. 1993. The herpetofauna of the Kamanjab area and adjacent Damaraland, Namibia. Madoqua (Windhoek) 18 (2): 117-145. - get paper here
  • Bischoff, W. 2005. Die echten Eidechsen der Familie Lacertidae - eine Übersicht. Draco 5 (21): 4-27 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1921. Monograph of the Lacertidae, vol. 2. British Museum (London), 451 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George Albert 1917. Description of a new South African lizard of the genus Eremias. Annals of the South African Museum 13 (4): 217-219
  • BOURQUIN, O. & V. GRUENER 2017. A NOTE ON THE HERPETOFAUNA OF MODISA CAMP (BOTSWANA) AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. African Herp News (64): 9-26 - get paper here
  • Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S.
  • Branch, William R. 1994. Herpetofauna of the Sperrgebeit [sic] Region of Southern Namibia. Herpetological Natural History 2 (1): 1-11.
  • Broadley, D.G.; Masango, T.C. 1994. Geographical Distribution - Pedioplanis lineoocellata lineoocellata. African Herp News (21): 26-26 - get paper here
  • CONRADIE, W., DOUCETTE-RIISE, S., VANHOOYDONCK, B., ENGELBRECHT, H., MEASEY, G.J., & TOLLEY, K. 2011. Herpetological survey of Rooipoort Nature Reserve, Northern Cape, South Africa. African Herp News (53): 35-41 - get paper here
  • CONRADIE, W., ENGELBRECHT, H., HERREL, A., MEASEY, G.J., NIELSEN, S.V., V ANHOOYDONCK, B., & TOLLEY, K.A. 2011. Reptile survey of Venetia Limpopo Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province - South Africa. African Herp News (55): 6-12 - get paper here
  • Conradie, Werner 2012. Pedioplanis lineoocellata lineoocellata: Maximum size. Herpetological Bulletin (120) - get paper here
  • Conradie, Werner; Brian Reeves , Neil Brown, & Jan A. Venter 2016. Herpetofauna of the Oviston, Commando Drift and Tsolwana nature reserves in the arid interior of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Indago 32: 81-98 - get paper here
  • Conradie, Werner; G. John Measey, William R. Branch & Krystal A. Tolley 2012. Revised phylogeny of African sand lizards (Pedioplanis), with the description of two new species from south-western Angola. African Journal of Herpetology 61 (2): 91-112; DOI:10.1080/21564574.2012.676079 - get paper here
  • Cooper Jr., W.E. 2005. Duration of movement as a lizard foraging movement variable. Herpetologica 61 (4): 363-372 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here
  • FitzSimons, V.F. 1943. The lizards of South Africa. Transvaal Museum Memoir No.1 (Pretoria), 528 pp.
  • Fitzsimons, V.F.M.; Brain, C.K. 1958. A Short account of the Reptiles of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Koedoe, 1(1): 99-104 - get paper here
  • Fraser M. 2023. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa. Biodiversity Observations 13: 162–185. 14 March 2023 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here
  • Hewitt, John 1911. Records of South African Lacertilia and Amphibia, Addenda and Corrigenda. Annals Transvaal Museum 3 (1): 42-55. - get paper here
  • Huey, R. B., Miles, D. B., & Pianka, E. R. 2021. Seasonality in Kgalagadi Lizards: Inferences from Legacy Data. American Naturalist 198 (6): 759-771 - get paper here
  • Huey, Raymond B.; Eric R. Pianka 1977. Seasonal Variation in Thermoregulatory Behavior and Body Temperature of Diurnal Kalahari Lizards. Ecology 58 (5):1066-1075
  • Huey, Raymound B.; Eric R. Pianka 1981. Ecological Consequences of Foraging Mode. Ecology 62 (4):991-999
  • Kirchhof, Sebastian, Christy Anna Hipsley, Ammon Corl, Hartwig Dell'Mour and Johannes Müller. 2014. Pedioplanis lineoocellata lineoocellata (Duméril & Bibron 1839) Spotted Sand Lizard. African Herp News (61): 28-30 - get paper here
  • Loehr, V. 1997. Herpetologische waarnemingen in Zuid-Afrika en Namibië. Lacerta 55 (5): 187-200 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Makokha, Jane S.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Mayer, Werner; Matthee, Conrad A. 2007. Nuclear and mtDNA-based phylogeny of southern African sand lizards, Pedioplanis (Sauria: Lacertidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44(2):622-633 - get paper here
  • Mayer, W. 1989. Comments on SZCZERBAK's (1975) catalogue of the African Sand Lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Eremiainae). Herpetozoa 1 (3/4): 133-137 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1971. Die Herpetofauna Südwest-Afrikas. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., Frankfurt am Main, Abhandl. 529: 110 pp.
  • Mertens,R. 1955. Die Amphibien und Reptilien Südwestafrikas. Aus den Ergebnissen einer im Jahre 1952 ausgeführten Reise. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) 490: 1-172 - get paper here
  • Müller, F. 1880. Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 7: 120-165 - get paper here
  • Pianka, Eric R. 1971. Lizard species density in the Kalahari Desert. Ecology 52 (6): 1024-1029 - get paper here
  • Plessis, I.J. du and P.leF.N. Mouton 2011. Habitat Preferences of Three Sympatric Lacertid Lizards in the Arid Tankwa Karoo Basin of South Africa. African Zoology 46 (1): 88-94 - get paper here
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2020. Reptiles of Namibia. Kuiseb Publishers, Windhoek, Namibia, 271 pp.
  • Smith,A. 1845. Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa, Reptilia. Smith, Elder, and Co., London - get paper here
  • Stebbins, Robert C. 1961. Body temperature studies in South African lizards. Koedoe 4 (1): 54-67 - get paper here
  • Szczerbak, Nikolai N. 1989. Catalogue of the African Sand lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Eremiainae: Lampreremias, Pseuderemias, Taenieremias, Mesalina, Meroles). Herpetozoa 1 (3/4): 119-132. - get paper here
  • Tolley KA, Telford NS, Makhubo BG, Power RJ, Alexander GJ 2023. Filling the gap: Noteworthy herpetological discoveries in North West Province, South Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 99(1): 101-116 - get paper here
  • Tolley, Krystal A.; Ryan J. Daniels & Kevin A. Feldheim 2014. Characterisation of microsatellite markers in the Spotted Sand Lizard (Pedioplanis lineoocellata) shows low levels of inbreeding and moderate genetic diversity on a small spatial scale. African Journal of Herpetology 63 (2): 87-97; DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2014.893927 - get paper here
 
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