Phalotris lemniscatus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)
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Higher Taxa | Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
Subspecies | Phalotris lemniscatus lemniscatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854 Phalotris lemniscatus iheringi (STRAUCH 1884) Phalotris lemniscatus trilineatus (BOULENGER 1889) |
Common Names | E: Dumeril's Diadem Snake |
Synonym | Elapomorphus lemniscatus lemniscatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 840 Elapomorphus lemniscatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854 Phalotris lemniscatus — COPE 1862 Elapomorphus lemniscatus — STRAUCH 1884: 567 Phalotris melanopleurus COPE 1885: 189 (part.) Elapomorphus lemniscatus — AMARAL 1929 (part.) Elapomorphus bilineatus lemniscatus — LEMA 1970 Elapomorphus bilineatus lemniscatus — LEMA 1979 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) lemniscatus lemniscatus — LEMA 1984 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) lemniscatus divittatus LEMA 1984 Elapomorphus lemniscatus lemniscatus — WILLIAMS & FRANCINI 1991 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) lemniscatus lemniscatus — CEI 1993 Phalotris lemniscatus divittatus — DE LEMA 1994 Phalotris divittatus — DE LEMA 2002 Phalotris lemniscatus — DE LEMA 2002 Phalotris lemniscatus — GRACA SALOMAO et al. 2003 Phalotris lemniscatus — JANSEN & KÖHLER 2008 Phalotris lemniscatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 547 Elapomorphus bilineatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 839 Elapomorphus bilineatus — JAN 1865 Elapomorphus bilineatus — STRAUCH 1884: 563 Elapomorphus lemniscatus BOULENGER 1885 (part.) Elapomorphus spegazzinii BOULENGER 1913: 49 Elapomorphus suspectus AMARAL 1924: 202 Elapomorphus bilineatus — AMARAL 1929 (part.) Elapomorphus bilineatus — AMARAL 1929: 202 (part.) Elapomorphus bollei MERTENS 1954: 183 Elapomorphus bilineatus reticulatus — LEMA 1970 (part.) Elapomorphus bilineatus suspectus — LEMA 1978 Elapomorphus bilineatus spegazzinii — LEMA 1978 Elapomorphus lemniscatus spegazzinii — LEMA 1979 Elapomorphus lemniscatus suspectus — LEMA 1979 Elapomorphus bilineatus — FREIBERG 1982 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) spegazzinii suspectus — LEMA 1984 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) spegazzinii spegazzinii — LEMA 1984 Elapomorphus spegazzinii spegazzinii — WILLIAMS & FRANCINI 1991 Elapomorphus spegazzinii suspectus — WILLIAMS & FRANCINI 1991 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) spegazzinii suspectus — CEI 1993 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) spegazzinii spegazzinii — CEI 1993 Phalotris bilineatus — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 27 Phalotris spegazzinii — DE LEMA 2002 Phalotris suspectus — DE LEMA 2002 Phalotris bilineatus — GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002 Phalotris bilineatus — SCROCCHI et al. 2006: 115 Phalotris bilineatus — WALLACH et al. 2014 Phalotris lemniscatus iheringi (STRAUCH 1884) Elapomorphus iheringi STRAUCH 1884: 571 Phalotris melanopleurus COPE 1885 (part.) Elapomorphus lemniscatus — BOULENGER 1896 (part.) Elapomorphus bilineatus reticulatus — LEMA 1970 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) lemniscatus iheringi — LEMA 1984 Elapomorphus lemniscatus iheringi — WILLIAMS & FRANCINI 1991 Elapomorphus (Phalotris) lemniscatus iheringi — CEI 1993 Phalotris lemniscatus iheringi — DE LEMA 1994 Phalotris iheringi — DE LEMA 2002 Phalotris lemniscatus trilineatus (BOULENGER 1889) Elapomorphus trilineatus BOULENGER 1889: 265 Phalotris lemniscatus trilineatus Phalotris trilineatus — DE LEMA 2002 Phalotris trilineatus — DE LEMA 2011 |
Distribution | Bolivia, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones), Uruguay, Paraguay (fide Paul Smith, pers. comm., 27 Apr 2014) Type locality: South America. bilineatus: Uruguay, Argentina (Chubut, Rio Negro [HR 32: 64]); Type locality: Corrientes, Argentina spegazzinii: S Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina (Mendoza, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa); Type locality: La Plata. bollei: Argentina (Buenos Aires) |
Reproduction | oviparous |
Types | Holotype: MNHN-RA 3668; BMNH 1946.1.2.90 is listed as type in the BMNH online catalog Syntypes: ANSP 11213-14; Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul; [melanopleurus] Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.2.90, collected by H. von Ihering [trilineatus] Holotype: MCN 3784 [divittatus] Holotype: ZISP ? [iheringi] Holotype: MNHN-RA (dry, dehydrated skin) [bilineatus] Holotype: MSNG 30651 (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova) [spegazzinii] Holotype: USNM 48939 [suspectus] |
Diagnosis | |
Comment | Venomous! Synonymy partly after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970 and CEI 1993. Elapomorphus lemniscatus has been synonymized with E. bilineatus by PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. All subspecies of E. lemniscatus have been elevated to species status by DE LEMA who also considers them as members of Phalotris. Wallach et al. 2014 list Elapomorphus trilineatus as a synonym of Phalotris lemniscatus. Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 list Phalotris lemniscatus divittatus as synonym of Phalotris reticulatus, without further comment; Carreira 2005 and Wallach et al. 2014 list it as synonym of P. lemniscatus. Elapomorphus spegazzinii and other species have been considered subspecies or synonyms of Phalotris (Elapomorphus) bilineatus (see e.g. PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970). De LEMA (1979) synonymizes Elapomorphus bilineatus with E. lemniscatus. CARREIRA et al. (2005) also list Phalotris bilineatus as synonym of Phalotris lemniscatus. Elapomorphus reticulatus PETERS 1860: 518 has been removed from the synonymy of E. bilineatus (by FERRAREZZI 1993). “Phalotris bilineatus" is a name based on a hybrid specimen between Phalotris suspectus x Phalotris spegazzinii (de Lema, 1984). GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002 and more recently WALLACH et al. 2014: 535 list this species (incl. suspectus) as synonym of Ph. bilineatus. LEMA 2002 considered them as valid. COSTA & BERNILS 2015 consider bilineatus as a synonym of P. lemniscatus (following Lema 1979), hence Nogueira et al. 2019 do not list it in their Atlas either. Distribution: See map in Nogueira et al. 2019 (who do not recognize P. bilineatus, hence their map merges both species). Subspecies: the status of Phalotris lemniscatus iheringi (STRAUCH 1884) remains questionable (C. Nogueira, pers. comm. 30 Sep 2016). NCBI taxID: 1260395 [bilineatus] |
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