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Phrynocephalus theobaldi BLYTH, 1863

IUCN Red List - Phrynocephalus theobaldi - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Theobald's toad-headed agama, Toad Mounted lizard, snow lizard; lidskii: Tibetan Toadhead Agama; alticola: Montane toad-headed agama
Nepali: Hiu (Hju) cheparo
Chinese: 西藏沙蜥 
SynonymPhrynocephalus Theobaldi BLYTH 1863: 90
Phrynocephalus stolickai STEINDACHNER 1867: 23
Phrynocephalus theobaldi — BOULENGER 1885: 373
Phrynocephalus caudivolvulus ANDERSON 1872: 387 (fide SMITH 1935)
Phrynocephalus vlangalii var. lidskii BEDRIAGA 1909: 479
Phrynocephalus stolickai — ZUGMAYER 1909: 500
Phrynocephalus theobaldi — SCHMIDT 1926
Phrynocephalus lidskii — TZAREVSKY 1927: 25.
Phrynocephalus theobaldi — SMITH 1935: 230
Phrynocephalus theobaldi — WERMUTH 1967: 89
Phrynocephalus alticola PETERS 1984
Phrynocephalus alticola — DAS 1996: 44
Phrynocephalus theobaldi — DAS 1996: 45
Phrynocephalus zetangensis WANG et al. 1996
Phrynocephalus theobaldi orientalis WANG et al in: WANG et al. 1999: 27
Phrynocephalus theobaldi lhasaensis BARABANOV et al. 2002
Phrynocephalus theobaldi — WANG et al. 2003
Phrynocephalus zetangensis — WANG et al. 2003
Phrynocephalus lidskii — BARTS & WILMS 2003
Phrynocephalus (Oreosaura) theobaldi — BARABANOV & ANANJEVA 2007
Phrynocephalus zetangensis — WANG et al. 2009
Phrynocephalus lidskii — MILTO & BARABANOV 2012: 165
Phrynocephalus theobaldi — KÄSTLE et al. 2013: 429
Phrynocephalus theobaldi orientalis — JIN et al. 2018
Phrynocephalus theobaldi theobaldi — JIN et al. 2018
Phrynocephalus (Oreosaura) lhasaensis — SOLOVYEVA et al. 2023
Phrynocephalus (Oreosaura) theobaldi — SOLOVYEVA et al. 2023 
DistributionE Turkestan,
India (Jammu, Kashmir), Nepal
China (Xinjiang, Xizang = S Tibet)

alticola: India (Jammu, Kashmir), elevation 4000-5000 m.; Type locality: “Ruckchin = Rukchen, in der Landschaft Rupshu in Ladakh, ca. 90 km SES von Leh; abflussloses Hochtal zwischen 4000-5000 m uber NN” in Jammu and Kashmir State, India.”

lidskii: NW Tibet (Keria mountains); Type locality: “Gebirgskette Russki, Tibet und nördliches Tibet, Tschertschen, zwischen Atschan und Ssuchet, Kara-ssai, Tochtachun und Keria-Gebirge” (fide WERMUTH 1967).

zetangensis: China (Xizang = Tibet); Type locality: "Zetang, Xizang Autonomous Region, China; 3950 m elevation” [approximately 29º13' N, 91º47' E].”

Type locality: Lake Chomoriri = Tsho-marari, Rupshu Province, Tibet.  
ReproductionViviparous 
TypesSyntypes: ZSI 5391–93
Lectotype: ZISP 7258.1 (designated by Peters, 1984: 47), . [lidskii]
Holotype: BMNH 60.3.19.38A. [alticola]
Holotype: CIB 0156, Male [zetangensis] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy after BARABANOV & ANANJEVA 2007. 
EtymologyNamed after William Theobald (1829-1908), a naturalist and herpetologist, who was Deputy Superintendent, Geological Survey of India. 
References
  • ANANJEVA, Natalia B.; Xianguang GUO and Yuezhao WANG 2011. Taxonomic Diversity of Agamid Lizards (Reptilia, Sauria, Acrodonta, Agamidae) from China: A Comparative Analysis. Asian Herpetological Research 2 (3): 117-128 - get paper here
  • Anderson, J. 1872. On some Persian, Himalayan, and other Reptiles. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1872: 371-404 - get paper here
  • BARABANOV, A.V. & N.B. ANANJEVA 2007. Catalogue of the available scientific species-group names for lizards of the genus Phrynocephalus Kaup, 1825 (Reptilia, Sauria, Agamidae). Zootaxa 1399: 1-56 - get paper here
  • Barabanov, Andrei, Natalia Ananjeva, Theodore J. Papenfuss and Wang Yuezhao 2002. A new name for Phrynocephalus theobaldi orientalis Wang, Papenfuss et Zeng, 1999. Russ. J. Herpetol. 9 (1):80 - get paper here
  • Barts, M. & Wilms, T. 2003. Die Agamen der Welt. Draco 4 (14): 4-23 - get paper here
  • Bedriaga, J.V. 1909. Amphibien und Reptilien. In: Wissenschaftliche Resultate der Reisen N.M. Przewalskijs durch Zentralasien. Zoologische Teil. Band 3. Part 1. Lacertilia. (in Russian). Sankt-Petersburg, Vol 3 (1) 3: 73-102, 367 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Blyth, EDWARD 1863. Report of the curator, zoological department. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 32 (1): 73-90. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Guo, P., F. J. Zhang, and Y. Y. Chen. 1999. Catalogue of type specimens of reptiles in the Herpetological Collections of Chengdu Institute of Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 43~47 - get paper here
  • Guo, X. & Wang, Y. 2007. Partitioned Bayesian analyses, dispersal–vicariance analysis, and the biogeography of Chinese toad-headed lizards (Agamidae: Phrynocephalus): A re-evaluation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution <br />45 (2): 643-662 - get paper here
  • GUO, Xianguang; Li LIU and Yuezhao WANG 2012. Phylogeography of the Phrynocephalus vlangalii Species Complex in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River Inferred from mtDNA ND4-tRNALEU Segments. Asian Herpetological Research 3 (1): - get paper here
  • Ji, Xiang; Yue-Zhao Wang & Zheng Wang 2009. New species of Phrynocephalus (Squamata, Agamidae) from Qinghai, Northwest China. Zootaxa 1988: 61-68 - get paper here
  • Jin, Y., Tong, H., Shao, G., Li, J., Lv, Y., Wo, Y., ... & Fu, C. 2020. Dorsal Pigmentation and Its Association with Functional Variation in MC1R in a Lizard from Different Elevations on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Genome Biology and Evolution - get paper here
  • Jin, Yuanting; Yubin Wo, Haojie Tong, Sen Song, Lixun Zhang and Richard P. Brown 2018. Evolutionary analysis of mitochondrially encoded proteins of toad-headed lizards, Phrynocephalus, along an altitudinal gradient. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:185 - get paper here
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Milto, Konstantin D.; Andrei V. Barabanov 2012. A Catalogue of the Agamid and Chamaeleonid Types in the Collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Russ. J. Herpetol. 19 (2): 155-170 - get paper here
  • Nanhoe, L.M.R., & Ouboter, P.E. 1987. The distribution of reptiles and amphibians in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri region (Nepal). Zoologische Verhandelingen (240): 1-105 - get paper here
  • Pang, Junfeng; Yuezhao Wang, Yang Zhong, A. Rus Hoelzel, Theodore J. Papenfuss, Xiaomao Zeng, Natalia B. Ananjeva and Ya-ping Zhang 2003. A phylogeny of Chinese species in the genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27: 398-409 - get paper here
  • Patel, D.A.; C. Ramesh, S. Ghosal, P. Raina 2023. Distribution and natural history notes on the herpetofauna of Ladakh, India. TAPROBANICA 12 (1): 30–32 - get paper here
  • Patel, Dimpi A.; Pankaj Raina, Sunetro Ghoshal, Animesh Talukdar 2020. Clutch Size of a High-elevation Lizard, the Montane Toad-headed Agama (Phrynocephalus theobaldi Blyth 1863) from the Trans-Himalayas. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (2): 281-283 - get paper here
  • Peters G. 1984. Die Krötenkopfagamen Zentralasiens (Agamidae: Phrynocephalus). Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 60(1): 23-67
  • Sahi D.N., Koul S. 2020. Annotated List of Amphibians and Reptiles of Jammu and Kashmir State. In: Dar G. & Khuroo A. (eds) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol 18. Springer, Singapore - get paper here
  • Schmidt,K.P. 1926. Amphibians and Reptiles of the James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition. Field Mus. nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 12: 167-173 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1935. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.
  • Solovyeva, E. N., Dunayev, E. A., Nazarov, R. A., Bondarenko, D. A., & Poyarkov, N. A. 2023. COI-Barcoding and Species Delimitation Assessment of Toad-Headed Agamas of the Genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae, Squamata) Reveal Unrecognized Diversity in Central Eurasia. Diversity 2023, 15, x - get paper here
  • Steindachner, F. 1867. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858,1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair (Zoologie), Vol. 1, part 3 (Reptilien p.1-98). K. Gerold's Sohn/Kaiserlich-Königl. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien [1869 on title page] - get paper here
  • Venugopal, P.D. 2010. An updated and annotated list of Indian lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) based on a review of distribution records and checklists of Indian reptiles. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2 (3): 725-738. - get paper here
  • Waltner, R.C. 1975. Geographical and altitudinal distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Himalayas. Cheetal (Dehra Dun, India) 16(1): 17-25; 16(2): 28-36; 16(3): 14-19; 16(4): 12-17.
  • Wang Yuezhao; Zeng Xiaomao; Fang Zili; Liu Zhijun; Wu Guanfu; Papenfuss T J; Macey R J 1996. A new species of the genus Phrynocephalus - Phrynocephalus zetanensis sp. nov. Zoological Research 17 (1): 27-29
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Wei Z., Li J. S., Wang T., Yang M. L., Jin Y. T. 2023. Abdominal Grey Color Variation along an Elevation Gradient in a Lizard. Asian Herpetol Res, 2023, 14(2): 1–11 - get paper here
  • Zeng, Xiaomao; Wang, Yaozhao; Liu, Zhijun;Yu, Pin 1994. A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE KARYOTYPE OF THREE SPECIES IN Phrynocephalus (Agamidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 1994 (2) - get paper here
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
  • Zugmayer,Erich 1909. Beiträge zur Herpetologie von Zentral-Asien. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. 27: 481-508 - get paper here
 
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