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Phymaturus castillensis SCOLARO & PINCHEIRA-DONOSO, 2010

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Higher TaxaLiolaemidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymPhymaturus castillensis SCOLARO & PINCHEIRA-DONOSO 2010
Centrura patagonica patagonica CEI 1986: 182
Phymaturus castillensis — LOBO et al. 2010 
DistributionArgentina (Chubut), 500-1000 m elevation

Type locality: rocky outcrops (500 m elevation) of Sierra del Castillo in La Juanita farm (45°08'30"S, 69°10'31"W), adjacent to Provincial Road 24, at 58 km north of Sarmiento town, Chubut Province, Argentina.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: MLP R. 5441, adult male. Collected by J.A. Scolaro, O.F. Tappari and A. Marcus, 29 November 2008. Paratypes: MLP-R 5442, adult male; MLP-R. 5443, adult female; MLP-R 5444 adult female; JAS-DC 1234 adult male; JAS-DC 1219 adult female. The same data as detailed for the holotype. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Phymaturus castillensis can be distinguished by a peculiar colour pattern similar to the colour patterns observed in females of some species of the patagonicus clade (Fig. 4a, c). However, from most species, except P. videlai, P. indistictus and P. patagonicus, P. castillensis is considerably isolated geographically by hundreds of kilometers (Fig. 3). From these three geographically closer species, P. castillensis can be differentiated by its pattern of coloration (Figs. 1, 2, 4) as well as the morphological differences detailed in the previous paragraph. In this new species there are no dichromatic differences between the sexes. The new species is a member of the patagonicus group, distinguished from the flagellifer group in having flat imbricate superciliaries rather than being rectangular and non-overlapping; slightly spiny and non-rugose caudal scales in verticilles (as seen among members of the flagellifer group). However, it has also the subocular scale not fragmented and separated from supralabials by two rows of lorilabials, as in most species of the patagonicus group, but not seen in the majority of members of the flagellifer group [SCOLARO & PINCHEIRA-DONOSO 2010]. 
CommentThis species belongs to the patagonicus group (fide LOBO et al. 2010).

Abundance: only known from its original description (Meiri et al. 2017). 
EtymologyThe species name refers to the terra typica where this species is restricted. 
References
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; CRISTIAN HERNAN FULVIO PEREZ, DANIEL ROBERTO PEREZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2011. Two new mountain lizard species of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Iguania) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 2924: 1–21 - get paper here
  • Avila, Luciano Javier; Cristian Hernan Fulvio Perez, IGNACIO MINOLI & Mariana Morando 2014. A new lizard of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Sierra Grande, northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3793 (1): 099–118 - get paper here
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; LORENA ELIZABETH MARTINEZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2013. Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update. Zootaxa 3616 (3): 201–238 - get paper here
  • Lobo, Fernando; Cristian Abdala and Soledad Valdecantos 2010. Taxonomic Studies of the Genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae): Description of Four New Species. South American J. Herp. 5 (2):102-126 - get paper here
  • LOBO, FERNANDO; CRISTIAN ABDALA & SOLEDAD VALDECANTOS 2012. Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus). Zootaxa 3315: 1–41 - get paper here
  • Lobo, Fernando; Diego A. Barrasso, Marcos Paz and Néstor G. Basso 2018. Phylogenetic relationships within a patagonian clade of reptiles (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus) based on DNA sequences and morphology. J Zool Syst, DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12221 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • Minoli I, Morando M, Avila LJ 2015. Reptiles of Chubut province, Argentina: richness, diversity, conservation status and geographic distribution maps. ZooKeys 498: 103-126. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.498.7476 - get paper here
  • Scolaro, J.A. & Pincheira-Donoso, D. 2010. Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17–32 - get paper here
 
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