Porthidium arcosae SCHÄTTI & KRAMER, 1993

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Higher Taxa	Viperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Manabi Hognose Pitviper
Synonym	Porthidium lansbergii arcosae SCHÄTTI & KRAMER 1993: 264 Porthidium arcosae — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004 Porthidium arcosae — WÜSTER et al. 2008 Porthidium arcosae — JADIN et al. 2011 Porthidium arcosae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 576
Distribution	Ecuador (western coast, Manabi) Type locality: Agua Blanca, ca. 15 km NW Salango (1° 37’ S, 80° 48’ W), Manabí, ca. 100 m elevation.
Reproduction	ovovivparous.
Types	Holotype: QCAZ RP1325, female
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: “27 Dorsalia in der Körpermitte, 166 Ventralia, 33 einfache Sub caudalia. Prälacunale vom zweiten Supralabiale getrennt. Zeichnung aus rechteckigen Flecken aufgebaut, die teilweise zu querliegenden Bändern verschmelzen; mit feinem hellen Vertebralstrich.” (SCHÄTTI & KRAMER 1993).
Comment	Habitat: terrestrial
Etymology	Named after Prof. Dr. Laura Arcos, rector of the Biology Department at Pontífica Universidad Católica del Ecuador who helped the authors with her “competence and authority”.
References	Acosta-Vásconez, Nicole; Martín Carrera, Emilia Peñaherrera, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia 2018. Predation of the teiid lizard Dicrodon guttulatum Duméril and Bibron, 1839 by the pitviper Porthidium arcosae Schätti and Kramer, 1993. Herpetology Notes 11: 391-393 - get paper here Campbell, Jonathan A. and William W. Lamar 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere, 2 vols. Comstock (Cornell University Press), Ithaca, NY, 962 pp. [review in Science 305: 182] JADIN, ROBERT C.; ERIC N. SMITH and JONATHAN A. CAMPBELL 2011. Unravelling a tangle of Mexican serpents: a systematic revision of highland pitvipers. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 943–958 - get paper here OLIVEIRA-DALLAND, LUIS G.; LAURA R.V. ALENCAR, LEANDRO R. TAMBOSI, PAOLA A. CARRASCO, RHETT M. RAUTSAW, JESUS SIGALA-RODRIGUEZ, GUSTAVO SCROCCHI & MARCIO MARTINS. 2022. Conservation gaps for Neotropical vipers: Mismatches between protected areas, species richness and evolutionary distinctiveness. Biological Conservation 275(109750). - get paper here RUIZ-CAMPOS, MARCO; LIBIA SANZ, FABIÁN BONILLA, MAHMOOD SASA, BRUNO LOMONTE, FAUSTO ZARUMA-TORRES, MARIA TERÁN, JULIÁN FERNÁNDEZ, JUAN J. CALVETE, CLEÓPATRA A. S. CALDEIRA & SAULO L. DA SILVA. 2021. Venomics of the poorly studied hognosed pitvipers Porthidium arcosae and Porthidium volcanicum. Journal of Proteomics 249: 104379. - get paper here Schätti B; Kramer E 1993. Ecuadorianische Grubenottern der Gattungen Bothriechis, Bothrops und Porthidium (Serpentes: Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100 (2): 235-278 - get paper here Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here VALENCIA, J. H. &VACA-GUERRERO, G. & GARZON, K. 2011. Natural history, potential distribution and conservation status of the Manabi Hognose Pitviper Porthidum arcosae (SCHÄTTI & KRAMER, 1993), in Ecuador. Herpetozoa 23 (3/4): 31-43 - get paper here Valencia, J. H., K. Garzón-Tello & M. E. Barragán-Paladines 2016. Serpientes venenosas del Ecuador: sistemática, taxonomía, historia natural, conservación, envenenamiento y aspectos antropológicos. Quito, Ecuador, Fundación Herpetológica Gustavo Orcés, Universidad de Texas, Fondo Ambiental Nacional, 652 pp. [review in HR 49 (1): 152, 2018] Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wüster, Wolfgang; Lindsay Peppin, Catharine E. Pook and Daniel E. Walker 2008. A nesting of vipers: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Viperidae (Squamata: Serpentes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49 (2): 445-459 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/reptiliaweb/FichaEspecie/Porthidium%20arcosae https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/323123569912248 http://medweb.nus.sg/PID/snakes/israel.html Google images

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