Porthidium hespere (CAMPBELL, 1976)

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Higher Taxa	Viperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Western Hognose Viper S: Colmillo de Puerco
Synonym	Bothrops hesperis CAMPBELL 1976 Porthidium hespere — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 1989: 316 Porthidium hespere — LINER 1994 Porthidium hespere — WELCH 1994: 101 Porthidium hespere — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 320 Porthidium hespere — WALLACH et al. 2014: 576
Distribution	Mexico (Colima, Michoacan, W Guerrero) Type locality: "on a west-facing slope of the foothills ca. 12 airline km NE of Tecoman, Municipio de Ixlahuacan [= Ixtlahuacan], Colima, Mexico, ... at an elevation of approximately 300 m."
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Holotype: UTA R4443.
Diagnosis
Comment	Venomous! Habitat: terrestrial Conservation: one of the 30 most endangered viper species (Maritz et al. 2016).
Etymology	“The specific name is from the Greek hesperos meaning the West and is used here in reference to the distribution” (CAMPBELL 1976).
References	Alvarado-Diaz, Javier;Huacuz-Elias, Dolores del C.;Suazo-Ortu±o, Ireri 1997. Geographic Distribution. Porthidium hespere. Herpetological Review 28 (2): 98 - get paper here Bryson Jr., Robert W.; Adrián Nieto-Montes de Oca, Jacobo Reyes Velasco 2008. Phylogenetic Position of Porthidium Hespere (Viperidae: Crotalinae) and Phylogeography of Arid-Adapted Hognosed Pitvipers Based on Mitochondrial DNA. Copeia 2008 (1): 172-178 - get paper here Campbell, J. A. 1976. A new terrestrial pit viper of the genus Bothrops (Reptilia, Serpentes, Crotalidae) from western México. Journal of Herpetology 10: 151-160. - get paper here Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here Maritz, Bryan; Johannes Penner, Marcio Martins, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović, Stephen Spear, Laura R.V. Alencar, Jesús Sigala-Rodriguez, Kevin Messenger, Rulon W. Clark, Pritpal Soorae, Luca Luiselli, Chris Jenkins, Harry W. Greene 2016. Identifying global priorities for the conservation of vipers. Biological Conservation, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.004 - get paper here McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp. OLIVEIRA-DALLAND, LUIS G.; LAURA R.V. ALENCAR, LEANDRO R. TAMBOSI, PAOLA A. CARRASCO, RHETT M. RAUTSAW, JESUS SIGALA-RODRIGUEZ, GUSTAVO SCROCCHI & MARCIO MARTINS. 2022. Conservation gaps for Neotropical vipers: Mismatches between protected areas, species richness and evolutionary distinctiveness. Biological Conservation 275(109750). - get paper here Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo, Rufino Santos-Bibiano and Elizabeth Beltrán-Sánchez. 2016. Notable distributional records of amphibians and reptiles from Guerrero, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 527-531 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10155826874406427&set=gm… Google images

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