Prosymna bivittata WERNER, 1903

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Higher Taxa	Prosymnidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Two-striped Shovel-snout, Twin-striped Shovel-snout
Synonym	Prosymna sundevalli var. bivittata WERNER 1903 Prosymna sundevalli bivittata — LOVERIDGE 1958: 136 Prosymna bivittata — AUERBACH 1987: 177 Prosymna bivittata — MATTISON 1995: 105 Prosymna bivittata — BAUER & BRANCH 2003 Prosymna bivittata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 579
Distribution	Republic of South Africa (Transvaal, Namaqualand), S Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia Type locality: “D.W. Afrika” [Namibia]
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: lost, was ZSM 1890/0 (lost fide Franzen & Glaw 2007), 1 specimen, collected by Kuhn, 1902.
Diagnosis
Comment	Illustration in Gruschwitz & Schmidt 2001.
Etymology	Named after “bi-” = two or dual and Latin “vitta, -ae” = band or stripe.
References	Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp. Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp. Bauer, A.M., and Branch, W.R. 2003. The herpetofauna of the Richtersveld National Park, Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. Herpetological Natural History 8: 111-160 [2001] Bauer, Aaron M.; Branch, William R. & Haacke, Wulf D. 1993. The herpetofauna of the Kamanjab area and adjacent Damaraland, Namibia. Madoqua (Windhoek) 18 (2): 117-145. - get paper here Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S. Broadley, D. & Blaylock 2013. The Snakes of Zimbabwe and Botswana. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 387 pp. [book review in Sauria 35 (2): 59 and Copeia 2014: 388] - get paper here Gruschwitz M. & Schmidt A. 2001. Das Blouberg Conservation Project - eine einzigartige Schutzinitiative für südafrikanische Reptilien braucht Unterstützung. Elaphe 9 (2): 65-69 Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here Loveridge,A. 1958. Revision of five african snake genera. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 119: 1-198 (141) - get paper here Mattison, Chris 1995. The Encyclopedia of Snakes. New York: Facts on File, 256 pp. Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Werner, FRANZ 1903. Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Guatemala und China in der zoologischen Staats-Sammlung in München nebst einem Anhang über seltene Formen aus anderen Gegenden. Abhandl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch., Munich, (ser. 2) 22 (2): 343-384 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List http://www.dght.de/naturschutz/blouberg.htm http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/reptiles/squamata/serpentes/colubridae… http://www.anoleannals.org/2013/12/10/tail-loss-and-locomotor-performance/ http://members.xoom.it/_XOOM/liguana/My_HomePage_file/vivipara.htm Google images

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