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Protobothrops cornutus (SMITH, 1930)

IUCN Red List - Protobothrops cornutus - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Horned Pit Viper (Fi-Si-Pan)
Chinese: 角原矛头蝮 
SynonymTrimeresurus cornutus SMITH 1930: 682
Trimeresurus cornutus — SMITH 1943: 514
Trimeresurus cornutus — WELCH 1994: 113
Trimeresurus cornutus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 331
Ceratrimeresurus shenlii LIANG & LIU in LIANG 2003
Protobothrops cornutus — HERRMANN et al. 2004
Protobothrops cornutus — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004
Protobothrops cornutus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 571
Protobothrops cornutus — WANG et al. 2022 
DistributionVietnam, China (Guangdong, Fujian)

Type locality: Mt. Fan Si Pan, Lai Chau Province, N. Vietnam.

C. shenlii: type locality: Wuzhishan Forest, Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province, China (24°30′-24°48′N, 112°56′-113°4′E)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.19.25 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Abundance: Relatively rare species with only a few specimens collected.

Distribution: see map in Guo et a. 2016: 383 (Fig. 1).

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
References
  • David, Patrick; Tong H., Vogel G. & M. Tian ( 2008. On the status of the Chinese pitviper Ceratrimeresurus shenlii Liang and Liu in Liang, 2003 (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the addition of Protobothrops cornutus (Smith, 1930) to the Chinese snake fauna. Asiatic Herpetological Research, Vol. Asiatic Herpetological Research 11: 17-23 - get paper here
  • GONG Shi-Ping; WANG Hai-Jing; YANG Chang-Teng; YU Chun-Sheng; PAN Dong-Sheng; WANG Fu-Min 2010. Protobothrops cornutus Discovered in Tianjingshan Forest,Guangdong Province,China. Chinese J. Zool. - get paper here
  • Gong, Shiping; Hitschfeld, Ellen; Hundsdörfer, Anna K.; Auer, Markus; Wang, Fumin; Zhou, Lihua; Fritz, Uwe 2011. Is the horned pitviper Ceratrimeresurus shenlii Liang and Liu, 2003 from China a valid Protobothrops? Amphibia-Reptilia 32 (1): 132-135 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • GUO, PENG; QIN LIU, TAO WEN, RONG XIAO, MING FANG, GUANGHUI ZHONG, NGUYEN Q. TRUONG, FEI ZHU, ROBERT C. JADIN, CAO LI 2016. Multilocus phylogeny of the Asian Lance-headed pitvipers (Squamata, Viperidae, Protobothrops). Zootaxa 4093 (3): 382–390 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; Ziegler, T.; Malhotra, A.; Thorpe, R.S. & Parkinson, C.L. 2004. Redescription and systematics of Trimeresurus cornutus (Serpentes: Viperidae)based on morphology and molecular data. Herpetologica 60 (2): 211-221 - get paper here
  • Kunz, K. 2009. Erstmals Protobothrops cornutus in Deutschland Terraria (15) 4 (1): 9-10.
  • Liang, Q. 2003. Reptiles of Guangdong Nanling Nature Reserve. In: Pang, X. (Ed.), Studies on Biodiversity of the Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve. (In Chinese). Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou: 408–417
  • Luu, Vinh Quang; Truong Quang Nguyen, Tanja Lehmann, Michael Bonkowski, Thomas Ziegler 2015. New records of the Horned Pitviper, Protobothrops cornutus (Smith, 1930) (Sepentes: Viperidae), from Vietnam with comments on morphological variation. Herpetology Notes 8: 149-152 - get paper here
  • Malhotra, Anita & Thorpe, Roger S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 –100 [erratum p. 680] - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Orlov, N. L., S. A. Ryabov, N. Van Sang and N. Q. Truong 2003. New records and data on the poorly known snakes of Vietnam. Russ. J. Herpetol. 10: 217-240 - get paper here
  • Orlov, Nikolai L.; Sergei A. Ryabov, and Nguyen Thien Tao 2009. Two New Species of Genera Protobothrops Hoge et Romano-Hoge, 1983 and Viridovipera Malhotra et Thorpe, 2004 (Ophidia: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Karst Region in Northeastern Vietnam. Part I. Description of a New Species of Protobothrops Genus. Russ. J. Herpetol. 16 (1): 69-82 - get paper here
  • PAN, Hujun; Basundhara CHETTRI, Daode YANG, Ke JIANG, Kai WANG, Liang ZHANG and Gernot VOGEL 2013. A New Species of the Genus Protobothrops (Squamata: Viperidae) from Southern Tibet, China and Sikkim, India. Asian Herpetological Research 4 (2): 109–115 - get paper here
  • PAUL, LAURENCE & ROBERT W. MENDYK. 2021. Glow and Behold: Biofluorescence and New Insights on the Tails of Pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) and Other Snakes. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 221–237. - get paper here
  • Pham AV, Ziegler T, Nguyen TQ 2020. New records and an updated checklist of snakes from Son La Province, Vietnam. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e52779 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1930. Two new Snakes from Tonkin, Indo-China. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 6: 681-683 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wang, C. G. M. Z. X., Jia, S. Y. K. T. L., & Hu, C. Z. J. 2022. An updated species checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Fujian Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 22090 - get paper here
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • YANG, JIAN-HUAN; NIKOLAI L. ORLOV & YING-YONG WANG 2011. A new species of pitviper of the genus Protobothrops from China (Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2936: 59–68 - get paper here
  • ZIEGLER, T. & H.-W. HERRMANN 2002. Wiederentdeckung zweier gehörnter Grubenotterarten in Vietnam. Mitteilungen Zoologische Gesellschaft für Arten- und Populationsschutz e.V. 18(2): 24-26
  • ZIEGLER, THOMAS; RALF HENDRIX, VU NGOC THANH, MARTINA VOGT, BERNHARD FORSTER & DANG NGOC KIEN 2007. The diversity of a snake community in a karst forest ecosystem in the central Truong Son, Vietnam, with an identification key. Zootaxa 1493: 1-40 - get paper here
 
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