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Pseudalsophis elegans (TSCHUDI, 1845)

IUCN Red List - Pseudalsophis elegans - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Alsophiini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesPseudalsophis elegans elegans (TSCHUDI 1845)
Pseudalsophis elegans rufodorsatus (GÜNTHER 1858) 
Common Names 
SynonymLygophis elegans TSCHUDI 1845: 164
Dryophylax freminvillei DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 1115
Coronella elegans — GÜNTHER 1858: 38
Philodryas freminvillei — JAN 1863
Dryophylax elegans — COPE 1878: 34
Philodryas elegans — BOULENGER 1896: 133
Tachymenis elongata DESPAX 1910: 373
Philodryas elegans elegans — SCHMIDT & WALKER 1943: 315
Tachymenis elongata — WALKER 1945
Philodryas elegans — PETERS et al. 1970: 242
Tachymenis elongata — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 290
Pseudalsophis elegans — ZAHER et al. 2009
Alsophis elegans — PYRON & BURBRINK 2013
Pseudalsophis elegans — WALLACH et al. 2014: 595
Tachymenis elongata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 695

Pseudalsophis elegans rufodorsatus (GÜNTHER 1858)
Dromicus rufodorsatus GÜNTHER 1858: 130
Tachymenis canilatus COPE 1868: 104
Lygophis poecilostomus COPE 1876: 180
Dryophylax vitellinus COPE 1877: 33
Tachymenis surinamensis DUNN 1922: 220 (fide MYERS & HOOGMOED 1974)
Philodryas elegans rufidorsatus [sic] — SCHMIDT & WALKER 1943: 315
Chlorosoma elegans — COCHRAN 1961: 216
Tachymenis surinamensis — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 291
Tachymenis surinamensis — CLAESSEN 2005
Alsophis elegans rufodorsatus — VENEGAS 2005 
DistributionEcuador, Peru, Chile

Type locality: Peru (Montañas de Uruamba and vicinity of Lima); restricted to Lima, Peru by SCHMIDT & WALKER 1943.

Tachymenis elongata: Peru; Type locality: Tablazo de Payta, Peru, elevation 30 m.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MNHN-RA 7630 (designated by THOMAS & INEICH 1999)
Holotype: MCZ 5133, juvenile male (cited as no. "5123" in the original description); paratype: FMNH 65343, juvenile female [surinamensis]
Holotype: USNM 12351 [Tachymenis canilatus]
Syntypes: BMNH, Gardiner & Haslar collection (4 specimens) [rufodorsatus]
Holotype: MNHN-RA 1906.0254, a 450 mm specimen (Dr Rivet, 1902-1906) [Tachymenis elongata] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: partly after Schmidt & Walker 1943: 315, Cochran 1961: 216, Wallach et al. 2014: 595. Myers & Hoogmoeed 1974 suggested that Tachymenis elongata DESPAX 1910 is a synonym of Philodryas elegans (= Pseudalsophis elegans), which we follow here. However, there are only 3 specimens known, hence this remains somewhat uncertain.

Type species: Lygophis elegans TSCHUDI 1845 is the type species of the genus Pseudalsophis ZAHER et al. 2009.

Distribution: Tachymenis surinamensis was described from Surinam (Type locality: Surinam). It is unclear whether these specimens were from Surinam. Myers & hoogmoed consider the locality as erroneous. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Chávez, G. & Venegas, P. 2007. Looking for Macanches in the dry forest of Peru. Reptilia (GB) (51): 54-59 - get paper here
  • Chavez, G. & A. P. Mendoza 2011. Überleben im Sand - Eine Exkursion in die peruanische Wüste. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (92): 40-46 - get paper here
  • Claessen, Hugo 2005. De slangen van de Guyana's. Deel VIII. Lacerta 63 (4): 136-151 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1878. Synopsis of the cold blooded Vertebrata, procured by Prof. James Orton, during his exploration of Peru in 1876-77. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 17: 33-49 [1877] - get paper here
  • Demangel, Diego 2016. Reptiles en Chile. Fauna Nativa Ediciones, Santiago, 619 pp - get paper here
  • Despax, R. 1910. Mission géodésique de l’Équateur. Collections recueillies par M. le Dr Rivet. Liste des ophidiens et descriptions des espèces nouvelles. (Note préliminaire.). Bull. Mus. natl. Hist. nat. Paris 16: 368-376 - get paper here
  • Dowling, Herndon Glenn 1969. The hemipenis of Philodryas Günther: a correction (Serpentes, Colubridae). American Museum Novitates (2375): 1-6 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Dunn,E.R. 1922. Two new South American snakes. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 35: 219-220 - get paper here
  • Grehan, John 2001. Biogeography and evolution of the Galapagos: integration of the biological and geological evidence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 267–287 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281
  • Myers, Charles W.;Hoogmoed, M. S. 1974. Zoogeographic and taxonomic status of the South American snake Tachymenis surinamensis (Colubridae). Zoologische Mededelingen 48 (17): 187-194 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Pyron, R. Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2013. Early origin of viviparity and multiple reversions to oviparity in squamate reptiles. Ecology Letters 17 (1): 13–21 (published online 2013, in print 2014), DOI: 10.1111/ele.12168 - get paper here
  • Schätti, B. 1985. Catalogue des types et des exemplaires figurés du Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Neuchâtel - II. Ophidiens. Bibliotheques et Muses de la Ville de Neuchatel, 1985: 98-108.
  • Schmidt,K.P. & WALKER Jr. ,W.F. 1943. Snakes of the Peruvian coastal region. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. nat. Hist., Chicago, 24: 297-327 - get paper here
  • Thomas,R.A. & Ineich,I. 1999. The identity of the syntypes of Dryophylax freminvillei with comments on their locality data. Journal of Herpetology 33 (1): 152-155 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Tschudi,J. J. von 1845. Reptilium conspectum quae in republica Peruana reperiuntur er pleraque observata vel collecta sunt in itenere. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 11 (1): 150-170 [reprint 1968, SSAR; sometimes cited as being published in 1846]. - get paper here
  • Venegas, P.J. 2005. HERPETOFAUNA DEL BOSQUE SECO ECUATORIAL DE PERU: TAXONOMÍA, ECOLOGÍA Y BIOGEOGRAFÍA. Zonas Áridas (9): 9-26
  • Walker, W.F. 1945. A Study of the Snake, Tachymenis peruviana Wiegmann AND ITS Allies. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 96: 1-56 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, FRANZ 1901. Reptilien und Batrachier aus Peru und Bolivien. Abhandl. Ber. Zool. Anthrop. Mus. Dresden, 9 (2): 1-14 [1900] - get paper here
  • Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de; Bonatto, Sandro L 2009. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 49 (11): 115-153 - get paper here
 
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