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Pseudocerastes persicus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)

IUCN Red List - Pseudocerastes persicus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Viperinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Persian Horned Viper
G: Persische Trughornviper 
SynonymCerastes persicus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 1443
Pseudocerastes persicus BOULENGER 1896
Pseudocerastes bicornis WALL 1913 (fide JOGER 1984)
Pseudocerastes persicus — SMITH 1943: 490
Vipera persica persica MARX & RABB 1965
Pseudocerastes persicus persicus ARNOLD & GALLAGHER 1977
Daboia persica persica OBST 1983
Pseudocerastes persicus persicus — GASPERETTI 1988: 351
Pseudocerastes persicus persicus — WELCH 1994: 103
Pseudocerastes persicus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 388
Pseudocerastes bicornis — KHAN 2004
Pseudocerastes persicus — FATHINIA & RASTEGAR-POUYANI 2010
Pseudocerastes persicus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 600 
DistributionIraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran (incl. Kavir desert), Afghanistan, Pakistan, N Oman, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Jordan, Syria

Type locality: Persia  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 4027, according to Golay et al. 1993: 277 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Type species: Cerastes persicus is the type species of the genus Pseudocerastes.

Distribution: not in India fide I. Das (pers. comm., 22 Dec 2011). Reports from Israel are now considered as P. fieldi. Occurrence in Turkey likely but not proven (NILSON et al. 1988). Reports from Azerbaijan and Turkey are probably erroneous fide Geniez 2018. See map in Burriel-Carranza et al. 2019 for map in UAE. For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013.

Phylogenetics: for a recent phylogeny of this and related Viperinae see Šmíd & Tolley 2019. 
EtymologyNamed after its distribution in Persia (now: Iran). 
References
  • Bok, Bobby; Matthieu Berroneau, Masoud Yousefi, Joachim Nerz, Frank Deschandol, Maud Berroneau, Laura Tiemann 2017. Sympatry of Pseudocerastes persicus and P. urarachnoides in the western Zagros Mountains, Iran. Herpetology Notes 10: 323-325 - get paper here
  • Bostanchi, Hamid; Anderson, Steven C.; Kami, Hagi Gholi; Papenfuss, Theodore J. 2006. A new species of Pseudocerastes with elaborate tail ornamentation from Western Iran (Squamata: Viperidae). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 57 (14):443-450. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Burriel-Carranza B, Pedro Tarroso, Johannes Els, Andrew Gardner, Pritpal Soorae, Ahmed Ali Mohammed, Sai Ravi Krishna Tubati, Mohamed Mustafa Eltayeb, Junid Nazeer Shah, Héctor Tejero-Cicuéndez, Marc Simó-Riudalbas, Juan Manuel Pleguezuelos, Daniel F 2019. An integrative assessment of the diversity, phylogeny, distribution, and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles (Sauropsida, Squamata) of the United Arab Emirates. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216273 - get paper here
  • Burriel-Carranza, B., Els, J., & Carranza, S. 2022. Reptiles & amphibians of the Hajar Mountains CSIC, Barcino Solucions Gràfiques, SL, Barcelona, - get paper here
  • Carranza S, Xipell M, Tarroso P, Gardner A, Arnold EN, Robinson MD, et al. 2018. Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). PLoS One 13 (2): e0190389 - get paper here
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