Trimeresurus labialis (STEINDACHNER, 1867)

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Higher Taxa	Viperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Island Pit Viper, Nicobar bamboo pitviper
Synonym	Bothrophis labialis FITZINGER 1861 (nomen nudum) Trimeresurus labialis STEINDACHNER 1867: 86 Trimeresurus labialis — SMITH 1943: 525 Trimeresurus labialis — WELCH 1994: 115 Trimeresurus labialis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 337 Trimeresurus labialis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004 Cryptelytrops labialis — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004 Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus) labialis — DAVID et al. 2011 Trimeresurus labialis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 742 Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus) labialis— MIRZA et al. 2023
Distribution	India (Nicobar Island) Type locality: “Nikobaren”
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Type: BMNH 1940.3.9.50 (and possibly additional specimens).
Diagnosis
Comment	Venomous! Distribution: Has been reported from the Andman Islands but not listed by DAS 1999. Synonymy: Trimeresurus mutabilis STOLICZKA 1870: 108 was removed from the synonymy of t. labialis by VOGEL et al. 2014. Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).
References	Chandramouli, S. R. 2023. Distribution Patterns of Snakes and Conservation Importance of Islands in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, Bay of Bengal, India. In: Lillywhite & Martins, eds., Islands and snakes, vol. II. Oxford University Press, p. 121 ff - get paper here CHANDRAMOULI, SUMAITHANGI RAJAGOPALAN. 2021. On a poorly-known, insular endemic pit-viper Trimeresurus labialis Fitzinger in: Steindachner, 1867 from the Nicobar Islands (Reptilia, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Spixiana 44(1): 55–61. - get paper here CHEN, ZENING; JIANPING YU, GERNOT VOGEL, SHENGCHAO SHI, ZHAOBIN SONG, YEZHONG TANG, JIA YANG, LI DING, CANGSONG CHEN 2020. A new pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus (Lacépède, 1804) (Squamata: Viperidae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 4768 (1): 112–128 - get paper here Das, I. 1999. Biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. In: Ota,H. (ed) Tropical Island herpetofauna..., Elsevier, pp. 43-77 DAVID, PATRICK; GERNOT VOGEL & ALAIN DUBOIS 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1–51 - get paper here Fitzinger, L. J. 1861. Die Ausbeute der österreichischen Naturforscher an Säugethieren und Reptilien während der Weltumsegelung Sr. Majestät Fregatte Novara. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 42: 383—416 - get paper here Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 Grismer, L. Lee; Tri, Ngo Van; Grismer, Jesse L. 2008. A new species of insular pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops (Squamata: Viperidae) from southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 1715: 57-68 - get paper here Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp. Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here Malhotra, Anita & Thorpe, Roger S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 –100 [erratum p. 680] - get paper here McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp. Mirza ZA, H. T. Lalremsanga, Bhosale H, Gowande G, Patel H, Idiatullina SS, Poyarkov NA 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7(1): 91-104 - get paper here Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp. Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp. Steindachner, F. 1867. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858,1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair (Zoologie), Vol. 1, part 3 (Reptilien p.1-98). K. Gerold's Sohn/Kaiserlich-Königl. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien [1869 on title page] - get paper here Stoliczka, F. 1870. Observations of some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia (abstract). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 6: 105-109 - get paper here Vijayakumar, S. P. and Patrick David 2006. Taxonomy, Natural History, and Distribution of the Snakes of the Nicobar Islands (INDIA), based on new materials and with an Emphasis on endemic species. Russ. J. Herpetol. 13 (1): 11 – 40 Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Whitaker, Romulus and Ashok Captain 2004. Snakes of India. Draco Books, 500 pp., reprinted 2007 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List Scheduled http://www.andamannicobarsnakes.com/Trimeresuruslabialis.html Google images

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