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Trimeresurus tibetanus HUANG, 1982

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Tibetan Pit Viper
Chinese: 西藏竹叶青蛇 
SynonymTrimeresurus tibetanus HUANG 1982
Trimeresurus karanshahi ORLOV & HELFENBERGER 1998
Trimeresurus karanshahi — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 337
Trimeresurus tibetanus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 346
Trimeresurus karanshahi — ORLOV et al. 2002
Trimeresurus tibetanus — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Himalayophis tibetanus — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004
Himalayophis karanshahi — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004
Himalayophis tibetanus — QUIJADA-MASCAREÑAS & WÜSTER 2010
Trimeresurus (Himalayophis) tibetanus — DAVID et al. 2011
Himalayophis tibetanus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 333
Himalayophis tibetanus — GUO et al. 2015
Trimeresurus (Himalayophis) tibetanus— MIRZA et al. 2023 
DistributionChina (Xizang = Tibet), Nepal.

karanshahi: Nepal (only known from type locality); Type locality: Phulchoki mountains (elevation 2700 m asl), Godavari village, Bagmati Prov. C Nepal.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: FU 80001, according to an English translation of Huang's paper provided by David and Tong 1997. 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Trimeresurus karanshahi was said to differ from T. tibetanus in aspects of scalation (19 rather than 21 midbody scale rows) and pattern but TILLACK et al. (2003) synonymized both.

Type species: T. tibetanus is the type species of the genus Himalayophis MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • DAVID, PATRICK; GERNOT VOGEL & ALAIN DUBOIS 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1–51 - get paper here
  • David, Patrick;Tong, Haiyan 1997. Translations of recent descriptions of Chinese pitvipers of the Trimeresurus-complex (Serpentes, Viperidae), with a key to the complex in China and adjacent areas. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (112): 1-31 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Guo, P.; Jadin, R.C.; Malhotra, A. & Li, C. 2009. An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepis. Acta Zoologica 91: 402-407 - get paper here
  • Guo, Peng; Qin Liu, Guanghui Zhong, Fei Zhu, Fang Yan, Ting Tang, Rong Xiao, Min Fang, Ping Wang and Xin Fu 2015. Cryptic diversity of green pitvipers in Yunnan, South-west China (Squamata, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 36 (3): 265 - 276 - get paper here
  • Huang Z Y 1982. A new species of the Crotalidae snake from Tibetan [in Chinese]. FUDAN JOURNAL (NATURAL SCIENCE) 21 (1): 116-118
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Malhotra, Anita & Thorpe, Roger S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 –100 [erratum p. 680] - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Mirza ZA, H. T. Lalremsanga, Bhosale H, Gowande G, Patel H, Idiatullina SS, Poyarkov NA 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7(1): 91-104 - get paper here
  • Orlov, N. & N. Helfenberger 1998. New mountain species of Trimeresurus (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae) of the "green" pit vipers group from the Himalayas. Russ. J. Herpetol. 4 (2): 195-197 [1997] - get paper here
  • Orlov, N.; Ananjeva, N.; Barabanov, A.; Ryabov, S. & Khalikov, R. 2002. Diversity of vipers (Azemiopinae, Crotalinae) in East, Southeast, and South Asia: annotated checklist and natural history data (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 23: 177-218
  • Quijada-Mascarenas, Adrian; Wuster, Wolfgang 2010. Recent advances in venomous snake systematics. In: Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles, edited by Stephen P. Mackessy. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 25-64. - get paper here
  • RAO Ding-qi, ZHAO Er-mi 2004. Bungarus bungaroides, A Record New to China (Xizang AR) with a Note on Trimeresurus tibetanus. Sichuan Journal of Zoology 23 (3)
  • Shah, K.B. 1999. New records and distribution of some herpetofauna of Nepal. J. Nat. Hist. Mus., Kathmandu 18: 99-111
  • Sharma, S.K., Pandey, D.P., Shah, K.B., Tillack, E, Chappuis, E, Thapa, C. L., AiroI, E. & Kuch, U. 2013. Venomous snakes of Nepal: a photographic guide. B.P. Kolrala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, 85 pp. - get paper here
  • Tillack, Frank; Matthias Lorenz, Nikolai L. Orlov, Notker Helfenberger, Karan B. Shah & Wolfgang Eckert 2003. Sha´s Grubenotter Trimeresurus karanshahi ORLOV & HELFENBERGER, 1997 - ein Juniorsynonym von Trimeresurus tibetanus HUANG, 1982 (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), mit Angaben zur Verbreitung, Biologie und der Vorstellung neuer Farbvarianten asu Zent Sauria 25 (2): 3-15 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Zhao, E.M. 2006. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. House, Vol. I, 372 pp., Vol. II (color plates), 280 pp.
 
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