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Tropidophis paucisquamis MÜLLER, 1901

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Higher TaxaTropidophiidae, Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Brazilian Dwarf Boa
Portuguese: Jiboia-Anã, Jiboinha 
SynonymUngalia paucisquamis MÜLLER in SCHENKEL 1901
Ungalia brasiliensis ANDERSSON 1901
Tropidophis paucisquamis — STULL 1928: 19
Tropidophis paucisquamis — AMARAL 1930
Tropidophis paucisquamis — MACHADO 1944
Tropidophis paucisquamis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 221
Tropidophis paucisquamis — CURCIO et al. 2012: 92
Tropidophis paucisquamis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 755
Tropidophis paucisquamis — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Tropidophis paucisquamis — ORTEGA-ANDRADE et al. 2022 
DistributionSE Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná) elevation 500-650 m

Type locality: "Continent of Tropical America" [MÜLLER in SCHENKEL 1901]; restricted to municipality of Salesópolis, state of São Paulo, Brazil by CURCIO et al. 2012.

brasiliensis: Type locality: "Brasilia" [ANDERSSON 1901]  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: NMBA 426 (Naturhistorisches Museum Basel.
Holotype: NRS 1932 [ANDERSSON 1901] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Distinguishable from other mainland congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) 164–183 ventrals (vs. 154–155 in T. grapiuna, 146–160 in T. taczanowskyi, and 200 in T. battersbyi); (2) dorsal scales at midbody usually 21 or 23, rarely 25 (vs. 23 dorsals at midbody in all other mainland species); (3) vertebral scale row usually enlarged, wider than long (vs. vertebral scale row not distinctly enlarged in size relative to remaining dorsals in T. battersbyi, T. grapiuna, and T. taczanowskyi); (4) dorsals smooth or feebly keeled (vs. dorsals strongly keeled in T. grapiuna and T. taczanowskyi); (5) interparietals usually lacking, but small when present (vs. interparietals present in T. battersbyi and T. grapiuna, usually present in T. taczanowskyi, well developed in the three species); (6) parietals in broad contact along middorsal line of head, even when interparietals are present (vs. parietals fully separated by interparietals in T. battersbyi and T. grapiuna); (7) maxillary teeth 15–19 (vs. 12 in T. battersbyi); (8) body spotted, dorsal spots small, with a diameter of approximately two dorsals, and irregular in shape (vs. dorsal spots large, rounded or elliptical, up to four scales in diameter in T. battersbyi); and (9) eight spot rows around body six on dorsum and two on venter (vs. six spot rows around body, four on dorsum and two on venter in T. battersbyi) [CURCIO et al. 2012]. 
CommentSynonymy that of PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Distribution: see map in Ortega-Andrade et al. 2022: 5 (Fig. 1). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin paucus, few, little + Latin squama, a scale. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Andersson, L.G. 1901. Some new species of snakes from Cameroon and South America, belonging to the collections of the Royal Museum in Stockholm. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar 27 (4): 1-26 - get paper here
  • ARAUJO, C.O., CONDEZ, T.H., BOVO, R.P., CENTENO, F.C. & LUIZ, A.M. 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), SP: an Atlantic Forest remnant of Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 10(4): 257- - get paper here
  • Barbo, Fausto E.; Otavio A. V. Marques, and Ricardo J. Sawaya 2011. Diversity, Natural History and Distribution of Snakes in the Municipality of São Paulo. South American J. Herp. 6: 135-160
  • Capela DJV, Morato SAA, Moura-Leite JC, Prado F, Borges GO, Camilo LHA 2017. Tropidophis paucisquamis (Müller in Schenkel, 1901) (Serpentes, Tropidophiidae): first record from Paraná state and southern Brazil. Check List 13 (6): 917-920 - get paper here
  • Citeli N, Hamdan B, Guedes T 2016. Snake richness in urban forest fragments from Niterói and surroundings, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7145 - get paper here
  • CONDEZ, T. H; SAWAYA, R. J. & DIXO, M. 2009. Herpetofauna dos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica da região de Tapiraí e Piedade, SP, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica 9: 1-29
  • Curcio, Felipe Franco; Pedro M. Sales Nunes, Antônio Jorge Suzart Argolo, Gabriel Skuk, and Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2012. Taxonomy of the South American Dwarf Boas of the Genus Tropidophis Bibron, 1840, With the Description of Two New Species from the Atlantic Forest (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Herpetological Monographs 26 (1): 80-121. - get paper here
  • FORLANI, M.C., BERNARDO, P.H., HADDAD, C.B.F. & ZAHER, H. 2010. Herpetofauna of the Carlos Botelho State Park, São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10 (3): 265-309 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hedges, S. B. and O. H. Garrido. 1992. A new species of Tropidophis from Cuba (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Copeia 1992 (4): 820-825 - get paper here
  • Hedges, S.B. 2002. Morphological variation and the definition of species in the snake genus Tropidophis (Serpentes, Tropidophiidae). Bull. nat. Hist. Mus. London (Zool.) 68 (2): 83-90 - get paper here
  • Machado, O. 1944. Observações sôbre ofídios do Brasil. Bol. Inst. Vital Brazil (27): 61-64 - get paper here
  • Marques-Tozetti, Alexandro; Sergio Augusto Abrahão Morato, Renato Silveira Bérnils, Daniel Loebmann, Luís Felipe Toledo, Russell Gray, Omar M. Entiauspe-Neto 2021. Evolutionary dynamics shape two passive defensive mechanisms in Neotropical snake radiations. Phyllomedusa 20(1): 3-13 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira Lula Salles, R. de & Silva-Soares, T. 2010. Répteis do município de Duque de Caxias, Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil. Biotemas, 23 (2): 135-144
  • OLIVEIRA, J.C.F., SANTOS, R, LOPES-SILVA, M.L., BARROS, L.P.V., RISSE-QUAIOTO, B, MILITÃO C.M., FATORELLI, P., BELMOCH, F.A.L., CASTRO, T. M., ROCHA, C.F.D. 2020. Reptiles of the Serra das Torres Natural Monument: using the Rapid Assessment method to fill a knowledge gap in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 20 (2): e20190726 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Ortega-Andrade, H. M., Bentley, A., Koch, C., Yánez-Muñoz, M. H., & Entiauspe-Neto, O. M. 2022. A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin. European Journal of Taxonomy, 854(1), 1-107 - get paper here
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • Schenkel, E. 1901. Achter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 13:142-199. - get paper here
  • Stull, O.G. 1928. A revision of the genus Tropidophis. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 195: 1-49. - get paper here
  • Tanaka, Rafael Mitsuo; Elsie Laura Rotenberg, Edélcio Muscat 2018. Tropidophis paucisquamis Müller, 1901 (Reptilia, Squamata, Tropidophiidae): a reliable record for lowland Atlantic Forest in Ubatuba, São Paulo. Herpetology Notes 11: 243-244 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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