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Uracentron flaviceps (GUICHENOT, 1855)

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Higher TaxaTropiduridae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Tropical Thornytail Iguana
Portuguese: Lagarto-Espinhoso 
SynonymDoryphorus flaviceps — GUICHENOT 1855
Doryphorus castor COPE 1871: 556
Uranocentrum flaviceps — O'SHAUGHNESSY 1881
Uracentron flaviceps — BOULENGER 1885 (?)
Urocentron flaviceps — BOULENGER 1885: 183
Urocentron castor — BOULENGER 1885: 184
Urocentron flaviceps — MERTENS 1925: 75
Uracentron flaviceps — DUELLMAN 1978: 208
Tropidurus flaviceps — FROST 1992
Uracentron flaviceps — AVILA-PIRES 1995: 216
Tropidurus flaviceps — HARVEY & GUTBERLET 2000
Uracentron flaviceps — FROST et al. 2001
Tropidurus flaviceps — LEHR 2002: 203
Uracentron flaviceps — PIANKA & VITT 2003: 135 
DistributionNW Brazil (Amazonas, Rondonia, Acre), SE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, Brazil, Bolivia ?

Type locality: Sarayacu (Pastaza), Ecuador, Peru.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 6882 (fide Avila-Pires 1995: 216, but indicated in MNHN catalogue as holotype of U. azureus)
Syntypes: ANSP 11303, Ecuador, Pebas; MCZ 12440, Huanuco, Peru [Doryphorus castor] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: In addition to the generic characteristics, it has a strongly depressed tail with 31-37 transverse rows of scales; 68-85 scales around midbody; 81-98 middorsal scales between nape and posterior margin ofhind limbs. In life predominantly brown, with or without a light and black collar, and light spots (Avila-Pires 1995: 216). 
CommentUracentron has been redefined as synonym of Tropidurus by Frost (1992) and revalidated by FROST et al. (2001). Synonymy partly after Peters et al. 1970. Illustrations in Lamar (1997).

Probably also in Bolivia but not found yet (fide LANGSTROTH 2005)

Diet: a large percentage of the diet of this species (50-80%) consists of ants (Lucas et al. 2023). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin flavus = yellow and “ceps” = head, although the head may be greenish or yellowish. 
References
  • Avila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen 299: 1-706 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • CATENAZZI, A., LEHR, E. & VON MAY, R. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru. Biota Neotropica 13 (4): 269-283
  • Cope, E.D. 1871. Eighth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 11: 553-559. [1870] - get paper here
  • Dixon, J. R.; Soini, P. 1975. The reptiles of the upper Amazon basin, Iquitos region, Peru, Part I. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 4: 1-58 [1986?] - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65: 1-352 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W.E., & Salas, A.W. 1991. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Cuzco Amazonico, Peru. Occas. Papers Mus. of Natur. Hist., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence (143): 13 pp. - get paper here
  • Etheridge, Richard 1968. A review of the iguanid lizard genera Uracentron and Strobilurus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 17 (2): 47-64 - get paper here
  • Freitas, M.A.; D.P.F. França; D. Veríssimo. 2011. Distribution extension of Uracentron flaviceps (Guichenot, 1855) (Reptilia: Squamata): Second record for the state of Acre, Brazil. Check List 7 (6): 823-824 - get paper here
  • Frost, Darrel R. 1992. Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the Tropidurus group of lizards (Iguania: Tropidurudae). American Museum Novitates (3033): 1-68 - get paper here
  • Frost, Darrel R., Miguel T. Rodrigues, Taran Grant, and Tom A. Titus 2001. Phylogenetics of the Lizard Genus Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Tropidurinae): Direct Optimization, Descriptive Efficiency, and Sensitivity Analysis of Congruence Between Molecular Data and Morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21 (3): 352–371 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Greene,H. 1977. Lizards of the genus Uracentron (Iguanidae) in east-central Colombia. Herpetologica 33: 256-260. - get paper here
  • Guichenot, A. 1855. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l’Expédition dans les parties centrales de l’Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para; Exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement Francais pendant les années 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du P. Bertrand, Paris. - get paper here
  • HARVEY, Michael B. & RONALD L. GUTBERLET JR 2000. A phylogenetic analysis of the tropidurine lizards (Squamata: Tropiduridae), including new characters of squamation and epidermal microstructure. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128: 189–233. - get paper here
  • Lamar, W.W. 1997. Rustlers! Fauna 1 (1): 34-39
  • Langstroth, R.P. 2005. Adiciones probables y confirmadas para la saurofauna boliviana. Kempffiana 1 (1): 101-128
  • Lucas B Q Cavalcanti, Gabriel C Costa, Guarino R Colli, Eric R Pianka, Laurie J Vitt, Daniel O Mesquita, 2023. Myrmecophagy in lizards: evolutionary and ecological implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2023;, zlad175, - get paper here
  • Mertens, Robert 1925. Zwei neue Eidechsen aus Venezuela. Senckenbergiana 7 (3/4): 75-78
  • Metcalf, M. F., Guedouar, E., Davis, L., Rodriguez, A., Marsh, A., Pacaya, E. T., ... & Gunnels IV, C. W. 2023. Herpetofauna of Madre Selva Biological Station in Loreto, Peru. Herpetology Notes, 16, 727-740
  • Metcalf, Matthew; Alexander Marsh, Emerson Torres, Devon Graham, Charles Gunnels 2020. Herpetofauna of the Santa Cruz Forest Preserve in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Herpetology Notes 13: 753-767 - get paper here
  • Moravec J., Aparicio J. 2005. Notes on the herpetofauna of Bioceanica and Bolpebra (Provincia Nicolas Suaréz, Departamento Pando, Biolivia). Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series 174 (1-4): 95-113
  • Pianka, E.R. & Vitt, L.J. 2003. Lizards - Windows to the Evolution of Diversity. University of California Press, Berkeley, 347 pp. [review in Copeia 2004: 955] - get paper here
  • Rabosky, Daniel L.; Rudolf von May, Michael C. Grundler and Alison R. Davis Rabosky 2019. The Western Amazonian Richness Gradient for Squamate Reptiles: Are There Really Fewer Snakes and Lizards in Southwestern Amazonian Lowlands? Diversity 11: 199; doi:10.3390/d11100199 - get paper here
  • RIBEIRO-JÚNIOR, MARCO A. 2015. Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. I. Dactyloidae, Hoplocercidae, Iguanidae, Leiosauridae, Polychrotidae, Tropiduridae. Zootaxa 3983 (1): 001–110 - get paper here
  • Ribeiro-Júnior, Marco A. & Silvana Amaral 2016. Diversity, distribution, and conservation of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) in the Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2:1, 195-421 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Vitt, Laurie J.; Zani, Peter A. 1996. Ecology of the elusive tropical lizard Tropidurus [=Uracentron] flaviceps (Tropiduridae) in lowland rain forest of Ecuador. Herpetologica 52 (1): 121-132 - get paper here
 
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