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Urosaurus nigricauda (COPE, 1864)

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Higher TaxaPhrynosomatidae, Sceloporinae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesS: Roñito de Matorral Cola-negra 
SynonymUta nigricauda COPE 1864: 176
Uta nigricauda — BOULENGER 1885: 212
Uta nigricauda — COPE 1900: 323
Uta parviscutata COPE 1900: 324 (nom. subst. pro Uta microscutata)
Urosaurus nigricaudus — MITTLEMAN 1942: 157
Urosaurus nigricaudus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 145
Urosaurus nigricaudus — STEBBINS 1985: 238
Urosaurus nigricaudus — LINER 1994
Urosaurus nigricaudus — GRISMER 1999
Urosaurus nigricaudus — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Urosaurus nigricauda — BÖHME & DENZER 2019 (by implication)
Urosaurus nigricaudus — HEIMES 2022
Urosaurus nigricauda — HEIMES 2022
Urosaurus nigricaudus — PERALTA-GARCÍA et al. 2023 
DistributionMexico (Baja California Sur, adjacent islands: Espiritu Santo, Ballena, San José, Islas Las Islitas, Las Tijeras, Isla Pardo, Islas Los Candeleros [HR 28(1)], Magdalena ?)

Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Baja California.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: USNM 5307, 69419, 69420 etc 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Enlarged dorsals in seven to ten rows, commencing about equal to the insertions of the fore-limbs, and extending posteriorly to the sacrum; median rows of dorsals largest, and progressively diminishing in size as they extend laterally; enlarged dorsals prominently keeled, imbricate, rounded posteriorly; seventeen to twenty-four of the largest dorsals equal to the length of head from tip of snout to posterior border of the interparietal; dorsolateral and lateral folds usually present, nearly always crested with enlarged, spinose scales; usually several lateral clusters of enlarged tubercles; frontal usually entire, sometimes transversely divided; enlarged femorals and tibials larger than any of thedorsals; ventrals mucronate on the gular fold, pectoral,andlateral areas, but rounded elsewhere. Coloration (alcoholic) of male topotype: dorsum of body, limbs, head and tail ranging from grayish to darkbrown; limbs and tail ringed with narrow bands of dark brown to black; head finely lined with dark brown; body with nine alternating short bars which extend from the dorsolateral fold to about the median line of the back; dorsal bars about two or three scales wide, and of a dark brown color, edged with pale blue posteriorly; labial regions flecked with gray, as is also the gular region save for a light central area which is a pale tan; pectoral region flecked rather heavily with gray, as are also the undersides of the limbs and tail; abdomen with two elongate sky blue patches which are partially fused medially; preanal region with a blue wash; abdominal and lateral areas necked with numerous individual scales which are a paler blue than the remainder of the body. Measurements of fifty specimens, both sexes: head length, 10.35 mm; head width, 7.75 mm; snout to vent, 42.0 mm; hind leg, 28.0 mm; tail, 66.0 mm (Mittleman 1942: 157). 
CommentSynonymy: see also Urosaurus nigricaudus

Distribution: see map in Feldman et al. 2011.

Genome: Davalos-Dehullu et al. 2023. 
EtymologyNamed after the black (or dark) tail (Latin “niger, nigra, nigrum” = black and Latin “cauda” = tail). Note that cauda is a noun in apposition, hence it is -cauda, not -caudus as in most previous publications (see also Böhme and Denzer 2019). 
References
  • Aguirre L., Gustavo, David J. Morafka and Robert W. Murphy. 1999. The peninsular archipelago of Baja California: a thousand kilometers of tree lizard genetics. Herpetologica 55 (3): 369-381 - get paper here
  • Álvarez, Jeff A. et al. 2020. Bifurcation in the tail of the Black-tailed Brush Lizard (Urosaurus nigricaudus) in northern Baja California, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist 33 (3): 81 - get paper here
  • Böhme, W. & Denzer, W. 2019. Warum die Endungen adjektivischer Artnamen dem Geschlecht der Gattungsnamen angepasst werden müssen Sauria 41 (1): 55–62 - get paper here
  • Bostic, D. L. 1971. Herpetofauna of the Pacific Coast of north central Baja California, Mexico, with a description of a new subspecies of Phyllodactylus xanti. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 16:237—263 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16: 166-181. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Davalos-Dehullu, Elizabeth; Sarah M Baty, Robert N Fisher, Peter A Scott, Greer A Dolby, Adrian Munguia-Vega, Diego Cortez 2023. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Blacktail Brush Lizard, Urosaurus nigricaudus, Reveals Dosage Compensation in an Endemic Lizard. Genome Biology and Evolution, 15 (12): evad210 - get paper here
  • Feldman, Chris R.; Oscar Flores-Villela, Theodore J. Papenfuss 2011. Phylogeny, biogeography, and display evolution in the tree and brush lizard genus Urosaurus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61 (3): 714-725 - get paper here
  • Galina-Tessaro, Patricia, Alfredo Ortega-Rubio and Sergio Alvarez-Cárdenas. 2000. Diet of the Black-tailed Brush Lizard Urosaurus nigricaudus of the Cape Region, baja California Sur, México. Herpetological Natural History 7(1):35-40
  • Grismer, L. Lee. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, México. Herpetologica 55 (4): 446-469 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Kraus, F. & Fortson IV, B.W. 2024. Some Considerations Regarding Nomenclatural Applications of Noun-based Names in Herpetological Taxonomy. Herpetological Review 55(1): 30–31
  • Leviton, Alan E.; Banta, Benjamin H. 1964. Midwinter reconnaissance of the herpetofauna of the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 30 (7): 127-156 - get paper here
  • Lindell, Johan; Fausto R. Méndez-de la Cruz and Robert W. Murphy 2008. Deep biogeographical history and cytonuclear discordance in the black-tailed brush lizard (Urosaurus nigricaudus) of Baja California. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 94: 89–104 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Mittleman,M.B. 1942. A summary of the iguanid genus Urosaurus. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 91: 105-181 - get paper here
  • Munguia-Vega, A., R. Rodriguez-Estrella, M.W. Nachman, W. Shaw, and M. Culver. 2009. Habitat loss and fragmentation in the Sonoran Desert and its impact on the genetic structure and extinction risk of the Baja California endemic Black-tailed Brush Lizard (Urosaurus nigricaudus). Sonoran Herpetologist 22 (6):62-65. - get paper here
  • Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142
  • Pilliod, D., Jeffries, M., Arkle, R. and Olson, D. 2024. Climate Futures for Lizards and Snakes in Western North America May Result in New Species Management Issues. Ecol Evol, 14: e70379 - get paper here
  • Rau,C.S. & Loomis,R.B. 1977. A new species of Urosaurus (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae) from Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 11 (1): 25-29 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Van Denburgh,J. 1894. Descriptions of three new lizards from California and ower California, with a note on Phrynonsoma blainvillii. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 2), 4: 296-301 - get paper here
  • Van Denburgh,J. 1895. A review of the herpetology of Lower California. Part I - Reptiles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) 5: 77-163 - get paper here
  • Wiens, J.J. 1993. Phylogenetic systematics of the tree lizards (genus Urosaurus). Herpetologica 49 (4): 399-420 - get paper here
  • Wong, Humberto; Grismer, L. Lee; Hollingsworth, Bradford D.; Cryder, Michael R. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Urosaurus nigricaudus. Herpetological Review 28 (1): 51 - get paper here
  • Zweifel, Richard G. 1958. Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to western Mexico 2. Notes on reptiles and amphibians from the Pacific Coastal Islands of Baja California. American Museum Novitates (1895): 1-17 - get paper here
 
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