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Bothriechis torvus (POSADA-ARANGO, 1889)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Birri Eyelash-Pitviper
G: Birri-Lanzenotter
S: Víbora birrí, serpiente guinda, pestañona 
SynonymThanatophis torvus POSADA-ARANGO 1889: 345
Thanatophis torvus POSADA-ARANGO 1889: 48
Teleuraspis birri POSADA-ARANGO 1909: 231
Bothriechis torvus — ARTEAGA et al. 2024: 36 
DistributionSE Panama, N Colombia (Antioquia)

Type locality: “lugares cálidos de Antioquia.” and “regions chaudes d’Antioquia”  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
Types 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Bothriechis torvus is diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) 3 raised supraciliary scales, triangular, but rounded and not spine-like; (2) anterior dorsal head scales keeled; (3) gular scales much smaller than chinshields; (4) 6–18 interoculolabials; (5) 3–8 canthals, most of them with raised triangular projections; (6) loreal in contact with preocular in some populations; (7) yellow morph absent; (8) dorsal bands pink or red; (9) no opposing kidney shaped dorsal marks; (10) black speckles on dorsal scales absent; (11) black speckling on ventral surfaces absent or faint; (12) ventral surfaces entirely white in some individuals; (13) iris pale bluish-green or straw yellow with fine black speckling; (14) 21–23 dorsal scale rows at mid-body; (15) 148–159 ventrals in males, 141–153 in females; (16) maximum total length in males 378 mm, in females 657 mm. (Arteaga et al. 2024: 36)


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CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: previously a synonym of B. schlegelii but revalidated by Arteaga et al. 2024. Reyes-Velasco 2024 argued that B. torvus, B. khwargi, B. klebbai, B. rasikusumorum, B. rahimi, B. nitidus, B. torvus, and B. hussaini should be synonymized with B. schlegelii, given their genetic and morphological similarity. Reyes-Velasco 2024 thus argued that only B. nigroadspersus, B. schlegelii, and B. supraciliaris should be maintained. We agree that the former 5 species are not very much differentiated from B. schlegelii and should be considered preliminary species. We have not adopted Reyes-Velasco’s revision yet as there are reportedly other studies in the process of publication, hence the taxonomy of Bothriechis is in flux and more changes are likely to come soon.

Habitat: forests, fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018, by implication)

Distribution: see map in Arteaga et al. 2024: 22 (Fig. 3), although the map does not show localities but rather the inferred range. 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin word “torvus”, meaning “fierce.” It refers to the protruding supraciliary scales, which according to Andrés Posada Arango, give this species an “air féroce.” 
References
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