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Ctenosaura bakeri STEJNEGER, 1901

IUCN Red List - Ctenosaura bakeri - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaIguanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Utila Spiny-tailed Iguana, Baker's Spinytail Iguana
G: Utila-Leguan 
SynonymCtenosaura bakeri STEJNEGER 1901
Ctenosaura bakeri — BAILEY 1928: 38
Enyaliosaurus bakeri — MEYER & WILSON 1973
Ctenosaura bakeri — WILSON & HAHN 1973
Ctenosaura bakeri — KÖHLER 2000: 75
Ctenosaura (Loganiosaura) bakeri — KÖHLER et al. 2000
Ctenosaura bakeri — MCCRANIE 2018 
DistributionUtilla Island (off the northern coast of Honduras)
according to Villa et al. restricted to Islas de la Bahia (Honduras)

Type locality: Utilla Island, Honduras  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 26317, male 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “A noticeable dewlap hanging from posterior part of
throat; caudal whorls of spines separated by two rows and one row of
flat scales. Dorsal crest high over neck and shoulders and gradually
becoming shorter caudad, not continuous with caudal crest; upper
sides of tibia with somewhat enlarged keeled scales; spines of median
caudal crest subequal, much longer than the other caudal spines.” (BAILEY 1928: 38)


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CommentHybridization: KÖHLER & BLINN (2000), GUTSCHE & KÖHLER (2004), and SCHULTE (2007) present evidence for natural hybridization of C. bakeri and C. similis.

Diet: C. bakeri has been observed eating other lizards including I. iguana and Hemidactylus frenatus [DIRKSEN & GUTSCHE 2006].

Distribution: Does not occur on other islands such as Santa Elena, Bonacca I, Roatan I (L. DIRKSEN, pers. comm.)

Type species: Ctenosaura bakeri is the type species of the subgenus Loganiosaura KÖHLER et al. 2000.

Abundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017). 
Etymologynamed after Frank Baker, former superintendent of the National Zoological Park in Washington, DC, where the holotype and paratype lived just prior to their death and the subsequent description of the species. 
References
  • Alberts, A.C.; Carter, R.L.; Hayes, W.K. & Martins, E.P. (eds.) 2004. Iguanas - Biology and Conservation. University of California Press, 356 pp. - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Binn, E. 2014. Utila - Neues vom Swamper bzw. einer swampine. Iguana 27 (2): 29-32
  • Boonman, John 2002. The Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura bakeri, in its natural habitat and in captivity Podarcis 3 (2): 43-58 - get paper here
  • Buckley, Larry J.; Kevin de Queiroz, Tandora D. Grant, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, John B. Iverson (Chair, <br />Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Catherine L. Stephen (Iguana Taxonomy Working Group, ITWG 2016. A Checklist of the Iguanas of the World (Iguanidae; Iguaninae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Cubas-Rodríguez, Alex M. & Fabio G. Cupul-Magaña. 2024. Swampy, King of the Swampers (Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneger, 1901). Caribbean Journal of Science 54(1): 181–184. - get paper here
  • de Queiroz K 1990. Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneger. Utila Island spiny-tailed iguana. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 465: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Diener, E. 2007. Die Erdspitznatter Oxybelis aeneus und die Lianennatter Leptophis mexicanus als Prädatoren der Schwarzleguane Ctenosaura similis und C. bakeri. Elaphe 15 (3): 59-62
  • Dirksen, L. 2004. Beobachtung eines Paarungsversuchs zwischen einem Hybrid-Männchen (Ctenosaura bakeri x similis) mit einem Iguana iguana-Weibchen. Iguana Rundschreiben 17 (2): 15-17
  • Dirksen, L. & Gutsche, A. 2006. Beobachtungen zur Saurophagie bei Ctenosaura bakeri (Squamata: Iguanidae). Elaphe 14 (3): 51-52
  • Dirksen, L.; Blome, T.; Pérez, H. & Köhler, G. 2004. Zur Nachzucht des Utila-Schwarzleguans (Ctenosaura bakeri) bei unterschiedlichen Inkubationstemperaturen in der Iguana Research and Breeding Station im Jahr 2004. Iguana Rundschreiben 17 (2): 7-13
  • Eisenberg, T. 2004. Prevention rather than treatment - avoiding health problems associated with captive maintenance. Reptilia (GB) (33): 12-20 - get paper here
  • Faulkner, S., Belal, N., Pasachnik, S. A., Bursey, C. R. & Goldberg, S. R. 2012. Ctenosaura bakeri (Utila spiny-tailed iguana). Herpetological Review 43: 332 - get paper here
  • Gutsche, A. 2003. Utila Island Swampers. Iguana 10 (2): 28–29
  • Gutsche, A. 2005. Distribution and habitat utilization of Ctenosaura bakeri on Utila. Iguana 12(3): 142–151
  • Gutsche, A. 2005. Ctenosaura bakeri (Utila Spiny-tailed Iguana). Predation. Herpetological Review 36 (3): 317 - get paper here
  • Gutsche, A. 2006. Population structure and reproduction in Ctenosaura bakeri on Isla de Utila. Iguana 13(2): 109–115
  • Gutsche, A. 2010. Mehrere Amphibien- und Reptilienarten neu in das Washingtoner Artenschutzabkommen (CITES) aufgenommen. Reptilia (Münster) 15 (83): 3-8 - get paper here
  • Gutsche, A. & Köhler, G. 2004. A fertile hybrid between Ctenosaura similis (GRAY 1831) and C. bakeri STEJNEGER 1901 (Squamata: Iguanidae) on Isla de Utila, Honduras. Salamandra 40 (3-4): 201-206 - get paper here
  • Gutsche, A. & Streich, W.J. 2009. Demography and Endangerment of the Utila Island Spiny-Tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura bakeri. Journal of Herpetology 43 (1): 105–113 - get paper here
  • Gutsche, Alexander; Frank Köhler 2008. Phylogeography and hybridization in Ctenosaura species (Sauria, Iguanidae) from Caribbean Honduras: insights from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Zoosystematics and Evolution 84 (2): 245-253 - get paper here
  • Gutsche, Alexander; Mutschmann, Frank; Streich, Wolf Jurgen; Kampen, Helge 2012. Ectoparasites in the endangered Utila spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura bakeri). The Herpetological Journal 22 (3): 157-161 - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. & Hallmen, S. 2011. Notiz über eine Beobachtung zur Saurophagie beim Utila-Schwarzleguan Ctenosaura bakeri. Elaphe 19 (3): 11-13 - get paper here
  • Hallmen, S. 2011. Neues aus Utila - reloaded. Iguana Rundschreiben 24 (2): 5-16 - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • Köhler, G. 1998. Ctenosaura bakeri STEJNEGER, 1901. Sauria 20 Suppl.: 417–420 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 1998. Schutz- und Forschungprojekt Utila-Schwarzleguan: Die Nachzucht von Ctenosaura bakeri STEJNEGER 1901 im ex-situ-Zuchtprogramm. Salamandra 34 (3): 227-238 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Köhler, G.; W. Schroth & B. Streit 2000. Systematics of the Ctenosaura group of lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (2): 177-191 - get paper here
  • Köhler,G. & Blinn,E. 2000. Natürliche Bastardierung zwischen Ctenosaura bakeri und Ctenosaura similis auf UItila, Honduras. Salamandra 36 (1): 77-79 - get paper here
  • Malone, Catherine L.; Víctor Hugo Reynoso, Larry Buckley 2017. Never judge an iguana by its spines: Systematics of the Yucatan spiny tailed iguana, Ctenosaura defensor (Cope, 1866). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 115: 27-39 - get paper here
  • MARYON, DAISY F.; TOM W. BROWN & DAVID C. LEE. 2021. CTENOSAURA BAKERI (Utila Spiny-tailed Iguana). DIET. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 404–405. - get paper here
  • Maryon, Daisy; Tom W. Brown, and David C. Lee 2020. Love thy neighbor: Predation of a Utila Spiny-tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura bakeri) by a Common Spiny-tailed Iguana (C. similis) on Utila Island, Honduras IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (1): 84–86 - get paper here
  • Maryon, Daisy; Tom W. Brown, David C. Lee 2020. Predation of a Utila Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura bakeri (Iguanidae), by a Central American Boa, Boa imperator (Boidae), on Utila, Isla de la Bahia, Honduras. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (2): 265-266 - get paper here
  • McCranie, J.R, L.D. Wilson & G. Köhler 2005. Amphibians & Reptiles of the Bay Islands and Cayos Cochinos, Honduras. Bibliomania, Salt Lake City, 210 pp.
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2018. The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication Series (2): 1- 666 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions 24 (2): 262-273 - get paper here
  • Meyer, John R. & Wilson, Larry David 1973. A distributional checklist of the turtles, crocodilians, and lizards of Honduras. [keys to genera and species] Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (244): 1-39 - get paper here
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  • Pasachnik, Stesha A.; Chad E. Montgomery, Andrea Martinez, Nardiah Belal, Steve Clayson, and Shane Faulkner 2012. Body Size, Demography, and Body Condition in Utila Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura bakeri. Herp. Cons. Biology 7 (3): - get paper here
  • Schulte, U. 2007. Beobachtungen zur Hybridisierung zwischen Ctenosaura similis (GRAY 1831) und Ctenosaura bakeri STEJNEGER 1901 auf Utila, Honduras. Elaphe 15 (1): 55-59
  • Schulte, U. 2007. Zur arborikolen Lebensweise des Utila-Leguans (Ctenosaura bakeri STEJNEGER 1901) während der Trocken- und Regenzeit auf der honduranischen Karibikinsel Utila. Iguana Rundschreiben 20 (1): 6-12
  • Schulte, U. & G. Köhler 2010. Microhabitat selection in the spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura bakeri on Utila Island, Honduras. Salamandra 46 (3): 141-146 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, Leonhard 1901. On a new species of spiny-tailed iguana from Utilla Island, Honduras. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 23 (1217): 467-468 - get paper here
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