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Dipsas oneilli (ROSSMAN & THOMAS, 1979)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: O'Neill's Tree Snake 
SynonymSibynomorphus oneilli ROSSMAN & THOMAS 1979
Sibynomorphus oneilli — CADLE 2007
Sibynomorphus oneilli — WALLACH et al. 2014: 670
Dipsas oneilli — ARTEAGA et al. 2018 
DistributionPeru (from the northern end of the Cordillera Oriental in extreme southern Amazonas Department, Peru, and in the Cordillera Occidental from southern Ancash to southern
Cajamarca Department), elevation 1646-3500 m.

Type locality: ‘‘NNE Balsas on the road to Abra Chanchillo, Departamento de Amazonas, Peru (ca. 1645 m [elevation]).’’  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: LSUM 33736, male 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Sibynomorphus oneilli has a large number (38–63) of dark crossbands on the dorsum throughout the length of the body when discrete crossbands are present (the most common condition) (Fig. 9). In some specimens, the dorsal crossbands are complete only anteriorly; the posterior crossbands in these specimens are incomplete middorsally and appear as narrow lateral bars. Several specimens from the R ́ıo Santa valley lack discrete bands entirely; instead, the dorsum has an obscure network of dark flecks or reticulations. The anterior crossbands (generally two to three dorsal rows wide) are slightly broader than, or equal in width to, the interspaces, whereas most crossbands are only one dorsal row wide and much narrower than the interspaces. The venter is heavily checkered or spotted with large bold markings (rounded, squarish, or half-moon–shaped) (Fig. 9). Ventrals are 152–168 in males; 163–173 in females. Subcaudals are 62–77 in males; 56–64 in females. Infralabials are 9–13.
Sibynomorphus oneilli differs from other species of Sibynomorphus in Ecuador and Peru as follows. In S. oligozonatus, S. vagrans, and S. williamsi, the anterior crossbands are usually twice or more as broad as the interspaces (see illustrations in the species accounts), whereas in S. oneilli, crossbands are usually equivalent to, or narrower than, the interspaces (occasionally broader than interspaces but never approaching twice their width). These species also differ from S. oneilli in other characters: S. oligozonatus has fewer supralabials (6–7) and a less boldly patterned venter (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 6). Sibynomorphus williamsi has fewer supralabials (6–7) and a greater number of ventrals (males, 173–182; females, 181–188) than S. oneilli. Sibynomorphus oneilli averages about 10 more ventrals and 15 fewer subcaudals than S. vagrans when sexes are considered separately (Table 1).
Sibynomorphus vagus differs from S. oneilli in temporal scale patterns (Table 1) and by having fewer ventrals (males, 144– 152; females, 151–158). Sibynomorphus petersi has a greater number of ventrals (164–188, sexes combined) and subcaudals (males, 75–87; females, 65–77) than S. oneilli and has different color patterns on the head and body. (Cadle 2007)


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CommentAbundance: Sibynomorphus oneilli has been reported in the literature from only two males (including the juvenile male holotype) and a female (Rossman and Kizirian, 1993). Cadle (2007) refers an additional 14 specimens to this species.

Diet: primarily molluscs (T. de Lema, pers. comm., 16 Oct 2015).

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Distribution: see map in Cadle 2007: 253 (Fig. 43). 
EtymologyNamed after John P. O'Neill (b. 1942), an American field ornithologist and artist. 
References
  • Arteaga A, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Mebert K, Peñafiel N, Aguiar G, Sánchez-Nivicela JC, Pyron RA, Colston TJ, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Yánez-Muñoz MH, Venegas PJ, Guayasamin JM, Torres-Carvajal O 2018. Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 766: 79-147 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Cadle, J.E. 2007. The snake genus Sibynomorphus (Colubridae: Dipsadinae: Dipsadini) in Peru and Ecuador, with comments on the systematics of Dipsadini. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 158(5):183-283 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • KOCH, CLAUDIA; PABLO J. VENEGAS, ROY SANTA CRUZ, WOLFGANG BÖHME 2018. Annotated checklist and key to the species of amphibians and reptiles inhabiting the northern Peruvian dry forest along the Andean valley of the Marañón River and its tributaries. Zootaxa 4385 (1): 001–101 - get paper here
  • Rossman D A; Thomas R 1979. A new dipsadine snake of the genus Sibynomorphus from Peru. OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY (No. 54): 1-6 - get paper here
  • Rossman, D. A.; Kizirian, D. A. 1993. Variation in the peruvian dipsadine snakes Sibynomorphus oneilli and S. vagus. Journal of Herpetology 27 (1): 87-90 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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