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Eublepharis angramainyu ANDERSON & LEVITON, 1966

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Higher TaxaEublepharidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Iranian fat-tailed gecko, Iraqi Eyelid Gecko
G: Westlicher Leopardgecko 
SynonymEublepharis angramainyu ANDERSON & LEVITON 1966
Eublepharis macularius BOULENGER 1885 (part.)
Eublepharis ensafi BALOUTCH & THIREAU 1986
Eublepharis angramainyu — KLUGE 1993
Eublepharis angramainyu — RÖSLER 2000: 78
Eublepharis angramainyu — SEUFER et al. 2005: 97
Eublepharis angramainyu — NASRABADI et al. 2017
Eublepharis angramainya — MOHAMMED et al. 2017 
DistributionN/E Iraq, SW Iran, E Syria (Zagros-Mountains), Turkey (Anatolia)?

Type locality: along the street between Majed-e-Suleiman and Batwand (Province Khuzistan).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: CAS 86384 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Mid-dorsal tubercles not as large as intertubercular spaces; subdigital lamellae smooth, without tubercles; some elements of dark color pattern of head and body linearly arranged; females with discernable preanal pores.


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CommentHybridization: Eublepharis macularius and E. angramainyu can be crossed and F1 hybrids were viable and fertile. The examined hybrids (except those of the F2 generation) displayed neither malformations nor a reduced survival (Jančúchová-Lásková et al. 2015).

Distribution: See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran. 
EtymologyNamed after "Angra Mainyu" the Zoroastrian "Spirit of Darkness" in reference to the nocturnal habits of these animals. 
References
  • Al-Sheikhly, Omar Fadhil; Mukhtar K. Haba, Nadheer A. Fazaa, Ali N. Al-Barazengy, Mahdi L. Al-Haideri, Abdulmunem D. Al-Joborey 2020. New Records of the Iraqi Eyelid Gecko, Eublepharis angramainyu Anderson et Leviton, 1966 (Sauria: Eublepharidae) from Iraq. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27 (4): 240-244 - get paper here
  • Anderson, Steven C 1999. The lizards of Iran. Contributions to Herpetology Volume 15, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Saint Louis, Missouri: i-vii, 1-442 [review in Copeia 2000 (4): 1144] - get paper here
  • Anderson,S.C. & Leviton,A.E. 1966. A new species of Eublepharis from Southwestern Iran (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci. (53): 1-5 - get paper here
  • Baloutch M; Thireau M 1986. Une espece nouvelle de gecko, Eublepharis ensafi (Sauria, Gekkonidae, Eublepharinae) du Khouzistan (Sud ouest de l'Iran). BULLETIN MENSUEL DE LA SOCIETE LINNEENNE DE LYON 55(8) 1986: 281-288 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Fathnia, B.; N. Rastegar Pouyani; M. Sampour; A.M. Bahrami; G. Jaafari 2009. The lizard fauna of Ilam province, Southwestern Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 5 (2) - get paper here
  • Göçmen, Bayram, Murat Tosunoglu and Dínçer Ayaz 2002. First record of the Leopard Gecko Eublepharis angramainyu (Reptilia: Sauria: Eublepharidae) from Anatolia. The Herpetological Journal 12 (2):79-80 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee 1989. Eublepharis ensafi Baloutch and Thireau, 1986: A junior synonym of E. angramainyu Anderson and Leviton, 1966. Journal of Herpetology 23 (1): 94-95 - get paper here
  • Grossmann, Wolfgang; Thomas Kowalski & Bernd-Michael Zwanzig 2023. Der Geist der Finsternis im Terrarium - Eublepharis angramainyu (Squamata: Eublepharidae). Sauria 45 (3): 33-43
  • Henkel, F.W. & Schmidt,W. 2009. Leopardgeckos. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster),156 pp. - get paper here
  • Hosseinian Yousefkhani, SEYYED SAEED & HOSSEIN NABIZADEH. 2022. Response to the future climate change effect of two leopard geckos’ distribution (Sauria: Eublepharidae) in Iran. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 15(3): 354-358. - get paper here
  • Jančúchová-Lásková J, Landová E, Frynta D 2015. Experimental Crossing of Two Distinct Species of Leopard Geckos, Eublepharis angramainyu and E. macularius: Viability, Fertility and Phenotypic Variation of the Hybrids. PLoS One 10 (12): e0143630. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143630 - get paper here
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • Leviton,A.E.; Anderson,S.C.; Adler, K.; Minton,S.A. 1992. Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. SSAR, Oxford, Ohio (Contr. to Herpetol. No. 8), 1-252
  • Mirza, Zeeshan A.; Rajesh V. Sanap, David Raju, Atish Gawai, and Prathamesh Ghadekar 2014. A new species of lizard of the genus Eublepharis (Squamata: Eublepharidae) from India. Phyllomedusa 13 (2): 75-90 - get paper here
  • Mohammed, Rihab Ghaleb; Fadhel Aabbas Rhadi, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani 2017. Zoogeography of Lizards Fauna from Central and Southern Iraq with a Checklist of Iraqi Lizard’s Fauna. Russ. J. Herpetol. 24 (3): 193-201 - get paper here
  • NASRABADI, REZA; NASRULLAH RASTEGAR-POUYANI, ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI, AHMAD GHARZI 2017. A revised key to the lizards of Iran (Reptilia: Squamata: Lacertilia). Zootaxa 4227 (3): 431–443 - get paper here
  • Padial, José M. and Ignacio De La Riva (or TOSONOGLU, M. & AYAZ, D. & TOK, C. V. & OLGUN, K. & AFSAR, M.?) 2005. Morphology of Eublepharis angramainyu Anderson & Leviton, 1966 in Turkey. Herpetozoa 18 (1-2):61-67. - get paper here
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Rösler, H. 2000. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2: 28-153
  • Seufer, H.; Y. Kaverkin & A. Kirschner (eds.) 2005. Die Lidgeckos. Kirschner und Seufer Verlag, 238 pp.
  • Shcherbak, N. N. [= Szczerbak], and M. L. Golubev 1996. Gecko fauna of the USSR and contiguous regions. SSAR [Russian original published in 1986]. [book review in Salamandra 36 (2): 138]
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • ŠMÍD, JIŘÍ; JIŘÍ MORAVEC, PETR KODYM, LUKÁŠ KRATOCHVÍL, SEYYED SAEED HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI, ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI & DANIEL FRYNTA 2014. Annotated checklist and distribution of the lizards of Iran. Zootaxa 3855 (1): 001–097 - get paper here
  • Torki, F. 2010. Distribution, Lifestyle, and Behavioral Aspects of the Iranian Fat-tailed Gecko, Eublepharis angramainyu Anderson and Leviton, 1966. Gekkota 6 (1): 17-22
  • Torki, Farhang 2010. Distribution, Lifestyle, and Behavioral Aspects of the Iranian Fat-tailed Gecko, Eublepharis angramainyu Anderson and Leviton, 1966. Gekko 6 (1): 17-22
  • Üzüm, Nazan, Aziz Avci, Çetin Ilgaz and Kurtulus Olgun. 2008. A new specimen of Eublepharis angramainyu Anderson et Leviton, 1966 (Reptilia: Sauria: Eublepharidae), leopard gecko, in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Russ. J. Herpetol. 15 (2):129-132 - get paper here
  • Yıldız MZ. 2020. Herpetofauna of Kilis Province (Southeast Anatolia, Turkey). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 14(2) [General Section]: 145–156 (e242) - get paper here
 
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