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Malpolon monspessulanus (HERMANN, 1804)

IUCN Red List - malpolon monspessulanus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaPsammophiidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMalpolon monspessulanus monspessulanus (HERMANN 1804)
Malpolon monspessulanus saharatlanticus GENIEZ, CLUCHIER & DE HAAN 2006 
Common NamesE: Montpellier Snake
G: Eidechsennatter
D: Hagedisslang
Russian: ящеричная змея
Italian: colubro lacertino occidentale 
SynonymColuber monspessulanus HERMANN 1804: 283
Natrix lacertina WAGLER 1824
Coluber rupestris RISSO 1826: 91
Rhabdodon fuscus FLEISCHMANN 1831: 26
Psammophis lacertina — SCHLEGEL 1837: 203 (part.)
Coelopeltis lacertina — EICHWALD 1841
Coluber monspeliensis — GERVAIS 1848: 205
Caelopeltis lacertina — BOETTGER 1876: 62
Coelopeltis lacertina — BÖTTCHER 1877: 287
Caelopeltis lacertina — BOETTGER 1879: 500
Caelopeltis lacertina — BLANFORD 1881: 680
Coelopeltis lacertina neumayeri — BOETTGER 1885
Coelopeltis monspessulana neumayeri — BOETTGER 1889: 272
Coelopeltis lacertina — BOULENGER 1887: 345
Coelopeltis monspessulanus — BOULENGER 1896
Coelopeltis monspessulanus — BOULENGER 1913
Malpolon monspessulanus — MERTENS & MÜLLER 1928
Malpolon monspessulanis — WALLS 1931 (in error)
Coelopeltis monspessulanus — LAURENT 1935: 347
Malpolon monspessulanus — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Malpolon monspessulanus — SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996: 502
Malpolon monspessulanus fuscus — CATTANEO 1999: 132
Malpolon monspessulanus — KWET & TRAPP 2015
Malpolon monspessulanus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 424

Malpolon monspessulanus saharatlanticus GENIEZ, CLUCHIER & DE HAAN 2006
Malpolon monspessulanus insignitus — VALVERDE 1992
Malpolon monspessulanus — GENIEZ & GENIEZ 1993: 7
Malpolon monspessulanus — BONS & GENIEZ 1996: 242
Malpolon monspessulanus monspessulanus — DE HAAN 1999: 701
Malpolon monspessulanus ssp. — GENIEZ et al. 2004
Malpolon monspessulanus saharatlanticus — MANGIACOTTI et al. 2014 
DistributionSpain (introduced to Ibiza and Mallorca), Portugal, Gibraltar,
S France, NW Italy (incl. Lampedusa island, Islet of Gallinara), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

monspessulanus: Italy (W Liguria), SE France, Spain, Portugal, Morocco

saharatlanticus: Morocco to Western Sahara (Dakhla) along the north-western Atlantic coast from Bou Izakarn with inland extensions up to Aoulouz and Tafraoute on the southern slopes of the western Atlases including the lower Drâa valley and upper Souss valley; Type locality: 3 km south from Tah towards Laâyoune (Western Sahara) [27.653° N, 12.961° W]

Type locality: Montpellier, Southern France; restricted to: Les Cresses, Vic-la-Gardiole, altitude 6 m, environ 43°28’36”N, 3°47’49”E, soit à 15 km SSW du centre de Montpellier, by BOUR et al. 2017.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: MNHN-RA-2016.0104, adult male; Former holotype: MZUS Strasbourg (D. Roubioux, 1798), lost.
Holotype: MNHN-RA 2004.0076; Paratypes: ZFMK and BEV [saharatlanticus]
Holotype: ZSM, Uncatalogued specimen(s) (lost fide Hoogmoed & Gruber 1983: 327) [lacertina] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2423 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Veith (1909) reports about a Coelopeltis lacertina (= M. m.) biting Zamenis gemonensis.

Subspecies: Malpolon monspessulanus insignitus (GEOFFROY DE ST-HILAIRE 1809) has been elevated to full species status with fuscus as a subspecies (CARRANZA et al. 2006).

Type species: Natrix lacertina WAGLER 1824 is the type species of the genus Malpolon FITZINGER 1826.

Distribution: updated based on map 119 in Sindaco & Eremchenko 2013. Not in Corsica, though Kohler & Handke reported in 2007 (Herpetozoa, 20: 81-82) one skin shedding of this species, nobody ever reported a snake alive (M. Delaugerre, pers. comm., 6 Aug 2013). Natrix lacertina WAGLER 1824 was listed in “Serpentum brasiliensium” (??). Not in Albania fide Miszei et al. 2017. Not in Libya fide Bauer et al. 2017. Not in Israel where it is replaced by M. insignitus.

Genome: Carranza et al. 2025 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin name for Montpellier in southern France.

M. m. saharatlanticus was named after its type locality near the Atlantic coast of the Sahara desert.

The origin of the genus name remains unclear. Possibly a Tamil vernacular name, already cited by Ray and Seba, according to Karataş & Çiçek (2022). Alternatively, from Greek malos (μαλός), mast or pole + Greek polos (πόλος), pivot. [?]. 
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