Symphimus leucostomus COPE, 1869

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Mexican White-lipped Snake S: Culebra Labio-blanco de Tehuantepec
Synonym	Symphimus leucostomus COPE 1869: 150 Symphimus leucostomus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945 Symphimus leucostomus — LINER 1994 Symphimus leucostomus — STAFFORD 2005 Symphimus leucostomus — MATA-SILVA et al. 2015 Symphimus leucostomus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 691
Distribution	SE Mexico (Chiapas, Pacific versant of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Jalisco, Colima). Type locality: Chihuitan, Oaxaca.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Lectotype: USNM 30310 (given as type by Smith & Taylor 1945, although there is a syntype, USNM 30311, too, which was interpreted as lectotype designation by Wallach et al. 2014). Other specimens: KU, UIMNH, FMNH, AMNH, UMMZ
Diagnosis	Diagnosis (genus): apparently not available; Cope described S. leucostomus as new species of a monotypic genus, so he did not provide a genus diagnosis. Gaige described the only other species in the genus as Eurypholis mayae, that is, in a different genus. Rossman & Schaefer 1974 moved Opheodrys mayae to Symphimus, without providing a revised diagnosis of the genus. Unfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2178 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Stafford (2005) estimates that there are fewer than 20 museum specimens available in total. Type species: Symphimus leucostomus COPE 1869 is the type species of the genus Symphimus COPE 1869. Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).
References	Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F. Cope, E.D. 1870. Seventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 11: 147-169 [1869] - get paper here García, A. & Ceballos, G. 1994. GUIA DE CAMPO DE LOS REPTILES Y ANFIBIOS DE LA COSTA DE JALISCO, MEXICO. FUNDACION ECOLOGICA DE CUIXMALA, A.C. INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA, UNAM - get paper here García-Grajales, J.; Y. López-López; A. Buenrostro-Silva; V. Mata-Silva 2012. Symphimus leucostomus Cope, 1869 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae): Distribution extension in the Pacific lowlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. Check List 8(5):917-918 - get paper here Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Johnson, J.D. 1978. Geographic distribution: Symphimus leucostomus. Mexico, Oaxaca. Herpetological Review 9 (2): 62 - get paper here Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp. Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Rossman, D. A., & SCHAEFFER, G. C. 1974. Generic status of Opheodrys mayae, a colubrid snake endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. No. 45, 12 pp. - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (187): iv + 1-239 - get paper here Stafford, P.J. 2005. Diet and reproductive ecology of the Yucatán cricket-eating snake Symphimus mayae (Colubridae). Journal of Zoology 265: 301–310 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/472285198329417/ Google images

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