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Micruroides euryxanthus (KENNICOTT, 1860)

IUCN Red List - Micruroides euryxanthus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMicruroides euryxanthus australis ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955
Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus (KENNICOTT 1860)
Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus ROZE 1967 
Common NamesE: Western Coral Snake
euryxanthus: Arizona Coral Snake
G: Arizona-Korallenotter
S: Coralilo Occidental 
SynonymElaps euryxanthus KENNICOTT 1860: 337
Elaps euryxanthus — GARMAN 1884: 107
Micruroides euryxanthus — SCHMIDT 1928
Micruroides euryxanthus — CLIFF 1954
Micruroides euryxanthus — STEBBINS 1985: 222
Micruroides euryxanthus — LINER 1994
Micruroides euryxanthus — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 454
Micruroides euryxanthus — CROTHER et al. 2012
Micruroides euryxanthus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 440

Micruroides euryxanthus australis ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955: 238
Micruroides euryxanthus australis ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955
Micruroides euryxanthus australis — TANNER 1985: 661
Micruroides euryxanthus australis — WELCH 1994: 77
Micruroides euryxanthus australis — REYES et al. 2014

Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus (KENNICOTT 1860)
Elaps euryxanthus KENNICOTT 1860
Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus — WELCH 1994: 77
Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus — CROTHER 2000: 66

Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus ROZE 1967
Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus ROZE 1967
Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus — HARDY 1969: 210
Micrurus euryxanthus neglectus — WEBB 1984
Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus — WELCH 1994: 77 
DistributionUSA (Arizona, SW New Mexico),
Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Nayarit)

euryxanthus: USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora); Type locality: Sonora.

australis: Mexico (SW Chihuahua, S Sonora, N Sinaloa); Type locality: "Guirocoba, Sonora, Mexico."

neglectus: Mexico (north of Mazatlan, Sinaloa); Type locality: "Sixteen and three tenth miles north-northwest of Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico."  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 1122
Holotype: MVZ 50839, adult male; paratypes: MVZ, AMNH [australis]
Holotype: UMMZ 114637, adult male [neglectus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Morphological and biochemical evidence for the separation of Micruroides and Micrurus was presented by SLOWINSKI (1995). See also Silva et al. 2016: 54.

Type species: Elaps euryxanthus KENNICOTT 1860: 337 is the type species of the genus Micruroides SCHMIDT 1928. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek “eurys” = broad or wide and Greek “xanthos” = yellow, in reference to the red and orange striping.

The genus name refers to the taxon's similarity to the genus Micrurus by the Greek termination -oides, meaning like or in shape of; its gender is masculine. 
References
  • Babb, R D & Brennan, T C 2018. Micruroides euryxanthus (Sonoran Coralsnake). Herpetological Review 49 (3): 550 - get paper here
  • Bezy, R. L., P. C. Rosen, T. R. Van Devender, and E. F. Enderson. 2017. Southern distributional limits of the Sonoran Desert herpetofauna along the mainland coast of northwestern Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 138–167 - get paper here
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Braswell, Alvin L., Weems, Janice M. and Akcali, Christopher K. 2017. Micruroides euryxanthus (Sonoran Coralsnake) Predation. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 213-214 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Cliff, Frank S. 1954. Snakes of the islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 12 (5): 67-98 - get paper here
  • Cochran, Chip and Duerre, Doug 2016. Geographic Distribution: Micruroides euryxanthus (Sonoran Coralsnake). Herpetological Review 47 (4): 630-631 - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J. C 2021. Karyotypes of Coralsnakes (Reptilia: Elapidae) from the Western Hemisphere, with Comments on Intraspecific Variation and Centric Fission of Chromosomes. American Museum Novitates (3972): 1-8 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Cruz-Sáenz, D., F. J. Muñoz-Nolasco, V. Mata-Silva, J. D. Johnson, E. García-Padilla, and L. D. Wilson. 2017. The herpetofauna of Jalisco, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 23–118 - get paper here
  • Dávalos-Martínez, Aldo; Daniel Cruz-Sáenz, Jorge Antonio Najar-Sánchez, Francisco Javier Muñoz-Nolasco 2019. A new southern-most record of the Sonoran Coralsnake, Micruroides euryxanthus Kennicott, 1860, (Squamata: Elapidae) from the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Herpetology Notes 12: 681-683 - get paper here
  • Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp.
  • Enderson, Erik F.; Thomas R. Van Devender, Robert L. Bezy 2014. Amphibians and reptiles of Yécora, Sonora and the Madrean Tropical Zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico. Check List 10 (4): 913-926 - get paper here
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  • FLESCH, AARON D.; DON E. SWANN, DALE S. TURNER, AND BRIAN F. POWELL 2010. HERPETOFAUNA OF THE RINCON MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA. Southwestern Naturalist 55(2):240–253 - get paper here
  • Funk, R.S. 1963. On the reproduction of Micruroides euryxanthus (Kennicott) Copeia 1963 (1): 219. - get paper here
  • Funk, R.S. 1964. On the Reproduction of Micruroides euryxanthus (Kennicott) Copeia 1964 (1): 219. - get paper here
  • Garman, Samuel 1884. The reptiles and batrachians of North America. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 8 (3): xxxiv + 185 pp. [1883] [CNAH reprint 10] - get paper here
  • Gates, G.O. 1956. A record length for the Arizona coral snake Herpetologica 12 (2): 155. - get paper here
  • Hardy, D.L. 1991. Epidemiology and medical management of rattlesnake bite in southern Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist 4 (6):153-158. - get paper here
  • Hardy, L.M., & McDiarmid, R.W. 1969. The amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 18 (3): 39-252. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Jones, Lawrence L. C., Abigail D. King, Paul A. Simpson, Joshua Taiz and Paul Wolterbeek. 2011. Micruroides euryxanthus (Sonoran coralsnake) predation. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 440-441 - get paper here
  • Jones, Thomas R. and Kevin Krahn. 2014. Micruroides euryxanthus (Sonoran coralsnake) diet. Herpetological Review 45 (2): 339-340 - get paper here
  • Kennicott, R. 1860. Descriptions of new species of North American serpents in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 328-338 - get paper here
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  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Loc-Barragán JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA, Lemos-Espinal JA 2024. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nayarit, Mexico with conservation status and comparison with adjoining States. Herpetozoa 37: 25-42 - get paper here
  • Meik, Jesse M.; Smith, Eric N.; Hernandez, Andres Alberto Mendoza. 2007. Rediscovery of the rare coralsnake Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus (Serpentes: Elapidae). Herpetological Review 38 (3): 293-294 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de los Reyes; Manuel, David Lazcano, Javier Banda-Leal and Ian Recchio 2014. Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 22: Herpetofauna of the Continental Portion of the Municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 49(8):105-115 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Rodríguez-Robles, Javier A., Good, David A., Wake, David B. 2003. Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, with a List of Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Reptiles. UC Publications in Zoology, 119 pp. - get paper here
  • Roze, Jánis A 1967. A checklist of the New World venomous Coral Snakes (Elapidae), with descriptions of new forms. American Museum Novitates (2287): 1-60 - get paper here
  • Roze, Janis A. 1974. Micruroides, M. euryxanthus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (163): 1-4 - get paper here
  • Salcido-Rodríguez, Israel; Francisco Isaac Hernández-Valadez , Adriana Elizabeth Castillo-Franco , Daniel Cruz-Sáenz , Edgar Emmanuel Hernández-Juárez , David Lazcano , Lydia Allison Fucsko and Larry David Wilson 2023. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Western Mexico 31: Herpetofauna from Sierra de Tesistán, Zapopan,. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 58(10):165-171 - get paper here
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  • Vitt, L.J. & A.C. Hulse 1973. Observations on Feeding Habits and Tail Display of the Sonoran Coral Snake, Micruroides euryxanthus Herpetologica 29 (4): 302-304. - get paper here
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  • Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here
  • Wilson, F. 1991. Tail autotomy fails to stop predation by a captive Arizona Coral Snake (Micruroides e. euryxanthus). Sonoran Herpetologist 4 (5):145, 148-149. - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A, Paulino Ponce-Campos, Jesús Loc-Barragán, Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson, Elí García-Padilla and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 376-448 - get paper here
  • Zweifel,R.G. and Norris,K.S. 1955. Contributions to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico:Descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249 - get paper here
 
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