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Geoclemys hamiltonii (GRAY, 1831)

IUCN Red List - Geoclemys hamiltonii - Vulnerable, VU

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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Black Pond turtle; Spotted Pond turtle
G: Strahlen-Dreikielschildkröte 
SynonymEmys hamiltonii GRAY 1831
Emys picquotii LESSON 1831
Emys guttata GRAY 1832
Emys Hamiltonii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 315
Geoclemys hamiltonii — GRAY 1855
Melanochelys pictus MURRAY 1884: 107
Damonia hamiltonii — BOULENGER 1889
Geoclemys hamiltonii — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 154
Geoclemys hamiltonii — OBST 2003: 17
Geoclemys hamiltonii — TTWG 2014
Geoclemys hamiltonii — TTWG 2021 
DistributionS Pakistan (Indus and Ganges river drainages),
N India (Assam, Jammu and Kashmir), Nepal, Bangladesh

Type locality: "India".  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.41. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2137 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentPicture in Elaphe 5 (3): 5 (1997) and Draco 13 (4): 90 (2003).

Type species: Emys hamiltonii GRAY 1831 is the type species of the genus Geoclemys GRAY 1855: 17.

Distribution: possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012 and references therein). Sharma (2000) reported Geoclemys hamiltonii from South Gujarat without any specimen vouchers (or photos) or specific locality details but others (Vyas, 2000a, 2007; Patel et al., 2018) did not report these species. As a consequence, Patel &* Vyas 2019 consider both records dubious.

Habitat: freshwater (Rivers, tributaries) 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. Francis Hamilton-Buchanan (1762-1829), an ichthyologist and physician. He worked for the Honourable Bast India Company's Bengal service as an Assistant Surgeon. He became Superintendent of the Calcutta Botanical Gardens (1814). His family name at birth was Buchanan, but he dropped it and took the name Hamilton, his mother's maiden name (1815) (Beolens et al. 2011). 
References
  • Adil, Saba; Shermeen Ijaz, Hira Aslam, Rimsha Kanwal and Sehrish Afsheen 2020. Diversity of amphibians and reptiles in Daphar Forest Sanctuary, district Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan. Journal of Wildlife and Ecology 4(1):15-26
  • Ali, Waqas; Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain & Syed Mohsin Bukhari 2018. Diversity and conservation of freshwater turtles in Pakistan: a review. Biodiversity 19 (1-2): 62-71 - get paper here
  • Baig, KJ, Masroor, R., and Arshad, M. 2008. Biodiversity and ecology of the herpetofauna of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Russ. J. Herpetol. 15 (3): 193-205 - get paper here
  • BARHADIYA, G., AND C. GHOSH 2020. Geographic Distribution: Geoclemys hamiltonii (Spotted Pond Turtle). India: Delhi: South West District. Herpetological Review 51: 535.
  • Basumatary, Rajeev and D.K. Sharma 2013. The turtle fauna of Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India with notes on natural history and conservation status. Herpetology Notes 6: 59-72
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Bourret, R. 1939. Notes herpétologiques sur l'Indochine française. XVIII. Reptiles et batraciens reçus au Laboratoire des Sciences Naturelle de l'Université au cours de l'année 1939. Descriptions de quatre espéces et d'une variété nouvelles. Bulletin Général de l'Instruction Publique. Hanoi. 19 (4, décembre): 5-39.
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  • Das, Indraneil & Abhijit Das 2017. A Naturalist’s Guide to the Reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 176 pp.
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  • Fritz,U., Gaulke,M. & Lehr,E. 1997. Revision der südostasiatischen Dornschildkröten-Gattung Cyclemys Bell 1834, mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art. Salamandra 33 (3): 183-212 - get paper here
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  • Kou,Z. 1989. Cyclemys from Yunnan, a description of a new species and a new record to China (Testudinata: Emydidae). In: Current Herpetology in East Asia, Kyoto 1989: 193-197
  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2003. Chelonian Illustrations #10. Monotypic genera of the family Geoemydidae. Reptilia (GB) (30): 34-38 - get paper here
  • McMorris, J.R. 1976. The generic reassignment of Geoemyda tcheponensis Bourret. Chelonia 3 (2): 10-11.
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  • Patel, Harshil; and Raju Vyas 2019. Reptiles of Gujarat, India: Updated Checklist, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Herpetology Notes 12: 765-777 - get paper here
  • Philippen, H.-D. 2004. Geoclemys hamiltonii (GRAY 1831) - Strahlen-Dreikielschildkröte. Reptilia (Münster) 9 (49): 51-54 - get paper here
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  • Safi, Amtyaz; Muhammad Zaheer Khan, Roohi Kanwal & Hans-Volker Karl 2021. Population Status, Threats and Conservation of the Spotted Pond Turtle; Geoclemys Hamiltonii (Gray, 1830) (Geoemydidae) of Pakistan. Journal of Zoological Research 3 (1): 29-37 - get paper here
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  • Vijaya, J. 1983. Range extension for the spotted pond turtle Geoclemys hamiltoni. Hamadryad 8 (2): 20 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju 2007. Present conservation scenario of reptile fauna in Gujarat State, India. Indian Forester, Oct 2007: 1381-1394 - get paper here
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