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Anolis brevirostris BOCOURT, 1870

IUCN Red List - Anolis brevirostris - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesAnolis brevirostris brevirostris BOCOURT 1870
Anolis brevirostris deserticola ARNOLD 1980
Anolis brevirostris wetmorei COCHRAN 1931 
Common NamesE: desert gracile anole, Shortnose Anole 
SynonymAnolis brevirostris BOCOURT 1870:11
Anolis brevirostris brevirostris — ARNOLD 1980: 10
Anolis brevirostris — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 230
Anolis brevirostris — NICHOLSON et al. 2005
Ctenonotus brevirostris — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Ctenonotus brevirostris — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Anolis brevirostrus — FLEISHMAN et al. 2020 (in error)

Anolis brevirostris deserticola ARNOLD 1980
Anolis brevirostris deserticola ARNOLD 1980: 12
Ctenonotus brevirostris deserticola — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Ctenonotus brevirostris deserticola — NICHOLSON et al. 2018

Anolis brevirostris wetmorei COCHRAN 1931
Anolis dominicensis wetmorei COCHRAN 1931: 89
Anolis distichus wetmorei — COCHRAN 1941
Anolis distichus wetmorei — COCHRAN 1961
Anolis brevirostris wetmorei — SCHWARTZ 1968
Anolis brevirostris wetmorei — ARNOLD 1980: 14
Anolis brevirostris wetmorei — POWELL et al. 1999
Ctenonotus brevirostris wetmorei — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Ctenonotus brevirostris wetmorei — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionHispaniola (SE Haiti, SW Dominican Republic), Ile a Cabrit, Isla Beata

Type locality: “Haiti”, restricted to “within 5 km of Fond Parisien, Dépt. de l’Ouest, Haiti” by ARNOLD 1980.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MNHN-RA 2467B, immature female. 3 syntypes: MNHN-RA 2467 (paralectotype), MNHN-RA 2467A (paralectotype) and MNHN-RA 2467B (lectotype)
Holotype: USNM 83881, adult male [wetmorei]
Holotype: MCZ 132391, adult male (original number ASFS V34034), collected on 19 November 1971 by native collectors [deserticola] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2259 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentIllustrations: Schwartz and Henderson, 1985. Anolis brevirostris is listed as a synonym of A. distichus by BOULENGER (1885).

Species group: Ctenonotus distichus species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “brevis, -e” = short and “rostrum” = beak, proboscis, trunk.

A. b. wetmorei was named after "Frank" Alexander Wetmore (1886-1978), American ornithologist and avian paleontologist.

A. b. deserticola is apparently named after its habitat in arid areas, from Latin desertum = waste place, wilderness, also the Sahara Desert. 
References
  • Arnold, D. L. 1980. Geographic variation in Anolis brevirostris (Sauria: Iguanidae) in Hispaniola. Breviora (461): 1-31 - get paper here
  • Bocourt, M. F. 1870. Description de quelques sauriens nouveaux originaires de l'Amérique méridionale. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 6: 11-18. - get paper here
  • Cochran, D. M. 1931. New reptiles from Beata Island, Dominican Republic. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 89-92 - get paper here
  • Cochran, D.M. 1941. The herpetology of Hispaniola. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 177: vii + 398 pp. - get paper here
  • Crews, David and Ernest E. Williams 1977. Hormones, Reproductive Behavior, and Speciation. American Zoologist 17: 271-286 - get paper here
  • Duchene, Sebastián; Amy Frey, Alonzo Alfaro-Núñez, Peter H. Dutton, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Phillip A. Morin 2012. Marine turtle mitogenome phylogenetics and evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65 (1): 241-250 - get paper here
  • Fleishman, Leo J.; Maya G. F. Prebish & Manuel Leal <br /> 2020. The Effects of Limited Visual Acuity and Context on the Appearance of Anolis Lizard Dewlaps. Journal of Herpetology 54 (3): 355-360 - get paper here
  • Geißler, L. 2008. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf der Halbinsel Barahona, Dominikanische Republik. Elaphe 16 (1): 48-52
  • Glor, Richard E.; Robert G. Laport 2012. Are subspecies of Anolis lizards that differ in dewlap color and pattern also genetically distinct? A mitochondrial analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64 (2): 255-260 - get paper here
  • Jenssen, T.A. & N.L. Gladson 1984. A Comparative Display Analysis of the Anolis brevirostris Complex in Haiti Journal of Herpetology 18 (3): 217-230. - get paper here
  • Moster, J. A., J. S. Parmerlee, Jr., and R. Powell. 1995. Anolis brevirostris. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (610) - get paper here
  • Moster, J.A., R. Powell, J.S. Parmerlee, Jr., D.D. Smith & A. Lathrop 1992. Natural History Notes on a Small Populations of Anolis brevirostris (Sauria: Polychridae) from altered Habitat in the Dominican Republic Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 28(4): 150-161. - get paper here
  • Ng, Julienne; Anthony J. Geneva, Sabina Noll and Richard E. Glor 2017. Signals and Speciation: Anolis Dewlap Color as a Reproductive Barrier. Journal of Herpetology 51 (3): 437 - get paper here
  • Nicholson, K. E., R. E. Glor, J. J. Kolbe, A. Larson, S. B. Hedges, and J. B. Losos 2005. Mainland colonization by island lizards. Journal of Biogeography 32: 929–938 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Powell, Robert; José A. Ottenwalder and Sixto J. Incháustegui 1999. The Hispaniolan Herpetofauna: Diversity, Endemism, and Historical Perpectives, with Comments on Navassa Island. In Crother, Caribbean Amphibians and Reptiles, Academic Press, pp. 93-168 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. 1968. Geographic variation in Anolis distichus Cope (Lacertilia, Iguanidae) in the Bahama Islands and Hispaniola. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 137 (2): 255-309 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. and Henderson, R.W. 1985. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies exclusive of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Public Mus., 165 pp.
  • Sherratt, Emma; María del Rosario Castañeda, Russell J. Garwood, D. Luke Mahler, Thomas J. Sanger, Anthony Herrel, Kevin de Queiroz, and Jonathan B. Losos 2015. Amber fossils demonstrate deep-time stability of Caribbean lizard communities. PNAS 112 (32), doi: 10.1073/pnas.1506516112 - get paper here
  • Webster, T. Preston;Burns, John M. 1973. Dewlap color variation and electrophoretically detected sibling species in a Haitian lizard, Anolis brevirostris. Evolution 27 (3): 368-377 - get paper here
  • Webster, T.P. 1978. Geographic variation in "Anolis brevirostris": evidence from proteins and a consideration of dewlap color. Anolis Newsletter 3: 153-164 - get paper here
  • Yuan, M. L., M. H. Wake, and I. J. Wang. 2019. Phenotypic integration between claw and toepad traits promotes microhabitat specialization in the Anolis adaptive radiation. Evolution 73: 231–244 - get paper here
 
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