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Anolis crassulus COPE, 1864

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ornate Anole
S: Abaniquillo Ornado 
SynonymAnolis crassulus COPE 1864: 173
Anolis crassulus — BOULENGER 1885: 80
Anolis crassulus — GÜNTHER 1885: 50 (part.)
Anolis crassulus crassulus — STUART 1942
Norops crassulus — GUYER & SAVAGE 1986
Norops crassulus — LINER 1994
Norops crassulus — KÖHLER 2000: 62
Norops crassulus — NICHOLSON 2002
Anolis crassulus — LINER 2007
Norops crassulus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops crassulus — MCCRANIE & KÖHLER 2015: 49
Norops crassulus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Anolis crassulus — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionGuatemala, El Salvador, Mexico (Chiapas)

Type locality: Cobán, Guatemala  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: ANSP 8023-27, designated as lectosyntypes by Stuart, 1942 
Diagnosis 
CommentDistribution: Not listed for Mexico by KÖHLER (2000). Populations from Honduras are now assigned to N. caceresae Hofmann & Townsend 2018. Note that specimens from the Sierra de Agalta, Dept. Olancho, Honduras, a population previously assigned to “N. crassulus,” were not included as part of the Hofmann & Townsend study as they are instead most closely related to N. morazani; a separate study is underway to determine the taxonomic status of that population.

Illustration: Color image on the cover of Iguana-Rundschreiben 16 (2) [2003].

Synonymy: Norops haguei has been previously considered as a synonym or subspecies of N. crassulus.

Species group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012). The A. crassulus subgroup contains A. amplisquamosus, A. anisolepis, A. (N.) caceresae, A. crassulus, A. haguei, A. heteropholidotus, A. morazani, A. muralla, A. rubribarbaris, A. sminthus, and A. wermuthi (HOFMANN & TOWNSEND 2017, 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin crassus, thick + Latin -ulus, diminutive suffix. [“...Tail stout at the base...”]. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16: 166-181. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Hofmann, E. P., & Townsend, J. H. 2017. Origins and biogeography of the Anolis crassulus subgroup (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the highlands of Nuclear Central America. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17(1), 267 - get paper here
  • Hofmann, E.P., Townsend, J.H. 2020. Origins and biogeography of the Anolis crassulus subgroup (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the highlands of Nuclear Central America. BMC Evol Biol 17, 267 (2017) - get paper here
  • Hofmann, Erich P. & Josiah H. Townsend 2018. A CRYPTIC NEW SPECIES OF ANOLE (SQUAMATA: DACTYLOIDAE) FROM THE LENCA HIGHLANDS OF HONDURAS, PREVIOUSLY REFERRED TO AS NOROPS CRASSULUS (COPE, 1864). ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM 85 (2): 91–111 - get paper here
  • Hofmann, Erich Phelan 2017. Cryptic Diversity and Phenotypic Stasis in a Complex of Highland Anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae: Norops Crassulus Subgroup). M.S. Thesis, Indiana University of Pennsylvania - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Köhler, G. & M. OBERMEIER. 1998. A new species of anole of the Norops crassulus group from central Nicaragua (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 77 (2): 127-137. - get paper here
  • KÖHLER, GUNTHER 2014. Characters of external morphology used in Anolis taxonomy—Definition of terms, advice on usage, and illustrated examples. Zootaxa 3774 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Köhler, Gunther, James R. McCranie and Larry David Wilson 2001. A new species of anole from western Honduras (Squamata: Polychrotidae). Herpetologica 57 (3):247-255 - get paper here
  • McCranie J R; Wilson L D; Williams K L 1992. A new species of anole of the Norops crassulus group (Sauria: Polychridae) from northwestern Honduras. Carib. J. Sci. 28 (3-4): 208-215
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2018. The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication Series (2): 1- 666 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. and Gunther Köhler 2015. The Anoles (Reptilia: Squamata: Dactyloidae: Anolis: Norops) of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard (Special Publication Series, No. 1): 1-280 [review in Q. J. Biol. 91: 227] - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) (No. 487): 120 pp.
  • Nicholson KE, C. Guyer, and JG Phillips 2017. Biogeographic Origin of Mainland Norops (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Assumptions Inhibiting Progress in Comparative Biology (eds. Crother and Parenti), pp. 169–184
  • Nicholson, K.E. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis and a test of the current infrageneric classification of Norops (beta Anolis). Herpetological Monographs 16: 93-120 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L.C. 1951. The herpetofauna of the Guatemalan Plateau, with special reference to its distribution on the Southwestern Highlands. Contributions from the Laboratory of Vertebrate Biology, University of Michigan (49): 1-71 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L.C. 1963. A checklist of the herpetofauna of Guatemala. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (No. 122): 1-150 - get paper here
  • Stuart,L.C. 1942. Comments on several species of Anolis from Guatemala with descriptions of three new forms. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan 464: 1-10. - get paper here
  • Stuart,L.C. 1955. A brief review of the Guatemalan lizards of the genus Anolis. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan No. 91: 1-31 - get paper here
  • Townsend, Josiah H.; Larry David Wilson 2009. New Species of Cloud Forest Anolis (Squamata: Polychrotidae) in the crassulus Group from Parque Nacional Montaña de Yoro, Honduras. Copeia, 2009 (1): 62-70 - get paper here
  • Wilson, L.D. & McCranie, J.R. 2003. The herpetofauna of the cloud forests of Honduras. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 3 (1): 34-48 - get paper here
 
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