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Bothrops erythromelas (AMARAL, 1923)

IUCN Red List - Bothrops erythromelas - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Caatinga Lancehead
Portuguese: Cabeça-de-Capanga, Jararaca, Jararaca-Avermelhada, Jararaca-Malha-de-Cascavel, Jararaca-da-Seca, Jararaca-da-Caatinga, Jararaca-do-Sertão, Jararaca-Rosada, Jararaca-Vermelha, Jararaquinha, Jararacussu, Jararaca-da-Folha-Seca 
SynonymColuber punctulatus RADDI 1820 (nom. obl.) (fide WALLACH et al. 2014)
Bothrops erythromelas AMARAL 1923: 96
Bothrops erythromelas AMARAL 1926: 114
Bothrops erythromelas — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 45
Bothrops erythromelas — WELCH 1994: 33
Bothrops erythromelas — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 260
Bothrops erythromelas — RODRIGUES 2003
Bothropoides erythromelas — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops erythromelas — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothropoides erythromelas — WALLACH et al. 2014: 113
Bothrops erythromelas — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceara, E Maranhao, Minas Gerais, Paraiba,
Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe)

Type locality: Near Joazeiro, Estado da Bahia, Brazil.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: IBSP (= IB) 3030. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1891 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: Machado et al. 2013 listed Lachesis neuwiedi itapetiningae Ihering (1911) as a synonym of B. erythromelas, based on previous authors. Note that Amaral described Bothrops erythromelas as a new species in two independent papers, published in 1923 and 1926. 
Etymologynamed after the Greek words “erythros” (= red) and “melas” (= black, dark), referring to its reddish and dark spots. 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1923. New genera and species of snakes. Proc. New England Zool. Club 8: 85-105 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1926. Novos gêneros e expécies de ophidios brasileiros. Arch. Mus. Nac. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro 26: 1-27
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  • Calixto PO, Morato SAA 2017. Herpetofauna recorded by a fauna rescue program in a Caatinga area of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Check List 13 (5): 647-657 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • CARDOZO RIBEIRO, SAMUEL; IKARO HENRIQUE MENDES PINTO CAMPOS & MÍRIAM CAMARGO GUARNIERI. 2021. BOTHROPS ERYTHROMELAS (Jararaca). DIET. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 149–150. - get paper here
  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
  • CARRASCO, PAOLA A.; FELIPE G. GRAZZIOTIN, ROY SANTA CRUZ FARFÁN, CLAUDIA KOCH, JOSÉ ANTONIO OCHOA, GUSTAVO J. SCROCCHI, GERARDO C. LEYNAUD, JUAN C. CHAPARRO 2019. A new species of Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Pampas del Heath, southeastern Peru, with comments on the systematics of the Bothrops neuwiedi species group. Zootaxa 4565 (3): 301–344 - get paper here
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  • De Oliveira, Monique Celião, Adonias Aphoena Martins Teixeira, João Antõnio de Araujo Filho, Samuel Vieira Brito and Waltécio De Oliveira Almeida. 2015. Bothrops erythromelas (jararaca dry) endoparasite. Herpetological Review 46 (3): 444 - get paper here
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