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Kinosternon acutum GRAY, 1831

IUCN Red List - Kinosternon acutum - Least Concern, LR
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Higher TaxaKinosternidae (Kinosterninae), Kinosternoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Tabasco Mud Turtle
S: Pochitoque Negro 
SynonymKinosternon scorpioides var. acuta GRAY 1831: 34
Cinosternum berendtianum COPE 1865
Cinosternon effeldtii PETERS 1873: 603
Cinosternon effeldtii — BOCOURT 1876: 396
Cinosternon Berendtianum — BOCOURT 1876: 395
Cinosternum effeldtii — GÜNTHER 1885: 16
Kinosternon berendtianum — STUART 1935: 55
Kinosternon berendtianum — STUART 1937
Kinosternon acutum — STEJNEGER 1941
Kinosternon acutum — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 80
Kinosternon acutum — LINER 1994
Kinosternon acutum — KÖHLER 2000: 26
Cryptochelys acuta — IVERSON et al. 2013
Kinosternon acuta — SPINKS et al. 2014
Kinosternon acutum — TTWG 2014
Kinosternon acuta — GONZÁLEZ-SÁNCHEZ et al. 2017
Kinosternon acutum — TTWG 2021
Kinosternon acutum — TTWG 2025 
DistributionMexico (Caribean lowlands of C/S Veracruz, Oaxaca ?, Chiapas, Tabasco ?, Campeche, Quintana Roo), N Guatemala, Belize

Type locality: Not reported; Gray (1844:33) listed data with holotype as "Central America". Restricted to Belize by Schmidt (1941: 476), and later to "Cosamaloapam, Veracruz," Mexico, by Smith and Taylor (1950: 23).
Type locality: “angeblich aus Mexico (Veracruz)”; restricted to “Cosamaloapam” by Smith & Taylor 1950 [Cinosternon effeldtii].  
Reproductionoviparous. Exhibits temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) fide Cornejo-Páramo et al. 2020 (and references therein). 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.58.
Lectotype: ZMB 7868; designated by FRITZ et al. 1994 [effeldtii]
Syntypes: USNM 6517, 106293, 106294 [Cinosternum berendtianum] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1578 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSchmidt (1941: 476) restricted the type locality to “British Honduras” (= Belize).

Habitat: freshwater (swamps, quiet rivers)

Distribution: not in Yucatan state (Mexico), fide Gonzalez-Sanchez et al. 2017. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “acuere” = sharp, or “acutus” = sharpened, pointed, or “acumen” = tip, or “acus” = needle. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Bocourt, F. 1876. Note sur quelques reptiles de l'Isthme de Tehuantepec (Mexique) donnés par M. Sumichrast au museum. Journal de Zoologie. Paris. 5 (5-6): 386-411 - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. 1998. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Guatemala, the Yucatán, and Belize. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, xiii + 380 pp. - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Colston, Timothy J.; José António L. Barão-Nóbrega, Ryan Manders, Alice Lett, Jamie Wilmott, Gavin Cameron, Sidony Hunter, Adam Radage, Etienne Littlefair, Robert J. Williams, Antonio Lopez Cen, Kathy Slater 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, México, with new records. Check List 11 (5): 1759 - get paper here
  • Cornejo-Páramo, P., Lira-Noriega, A., Ramírez-Suástegui, C. et al. 2020. Sex determination systems in reptiles are related to ambient temperature but not to the level of climatic fluctuation. BMC Evol Biol 20: 103 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 1963. Amphibians and reptiles of the rainforest of Southern El Peten, Guatemala. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 15: 205-49. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Fritz, U.; Obst, F.J. & Günther,R. 1994. Kritischer Typenkatalog der Schildkrötensammlung (Reptilia: Testudines) des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. [type catalogue] Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 70: 157-175 - get paper here
  • González-Sánchez, V. H., J. D. Johnson, E. García-Padilla, V. Mata-Silva, D. L. DeSantis and L. D. Wilson. 2017. The Herpetofauna of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4 (2): 264–380 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1831. Synopsis Reptilium or short descriptions of the species of reptiles. Part I: Cataphracta, tortoises, crocodiles, and enaliosaurians. Treuttel, Wurz & Co., London, 85 pp. - get paper here
  • Gray, J.E. 1844. Catalogue of Tortoises, Crocodilians, and Amphisbaenians in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 80 p. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Iverson, J.B. 1980. Kinosternon acutum Gray. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 261: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Iverson, John B.; Minh Le, Colleen Ingram 2013. Molecular phylogenetics of the mud and musk turtle family Kinosternidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (3): 929–939 - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Lee, J. C. 2000. A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the Maya world. Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
  • Legler, J.M.& Vogt, R.C. 2013. The Turtles of Mexico: Land and Freshwater Forms. University of California Press, 416 pp. - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Higareda, G. 1984. Range Extensions of Kinosternon acutum and Rhinoclemmys areolata in Veracruz, Mexico (Testudines: Cryptodira) Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 20(3): 112-113. - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1873. Über eine neue Schildkrötenart, Cinosternon effeldtii und einige andere neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1873 (October): 603-618 - get paper here
  • Schilde, M. 2001. Schlammschildkröten: Kinosternon, Sternotherus, Claudius, Staurotypus. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 136 pp. - get paper here
  • Schilde, M. 2003. Family Kinosternidae. Reptilia (GB) (26): 16-21 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K.P. 1941. The amphibians and reptiles of British Honduras. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser. 22 (8): 475-510. - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. & Taylor,E.H. 1950. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 199: 1-253 - get paper here
  • Spinks, Phillip Q.; Robert C. Thomson, Müge Gidiş, H. Bradley Shaffer 2014. Multilocus phylogeny of the New-World mud turtles (Kinosternidae) supports the traditional classification of the group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L 1941. Notes on Mexican turltes of the Genus Kinosternon. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 90: 457-459 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L. C. 1935. A contribution to a knowledge of the herpetology of a portion of the savanna region of Central Peten, Guatemala. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications 29: 1-56 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L. C. 1937. Some further notes on the amphibians and reptiles of the Peten Forest of Northern Guatemala. Copeia 1937 (1): 67-70 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L.C. 1963. A checklist of the herpetofauna of Guatemala. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (No. 122): 1-150 - get paper here
  • Tellez, Marisa, Gamble, Mason, Ontiveros, Sam and Tran, Minh 2017. Kinosternon acutum (Tabasco Mud Turtle) Ectoparasitism and range extension. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 178 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG [TURTLE TAXONOMY WORKING GROUP: RHODIN, A.G.J., IVERSON, J.B., FRITZ, U., GALLEGO-GARCÍA, N., GEORGES, A., SHAFFER, H.B., AND VAN DuK, P.P.]. 2025. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (10th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 10:1-575 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
 
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